Organic Chemistry

Question 1

What is crude oil

Answer 1

A finite resource found in rocks (non-renewable)

Question 2

How is cude oil formed

Answer 2

Crude oil is the remains of an ancient biomass consisting of plankton that was buried in mud

Question 3

Crude oil is a mixture of very large compounds what are the compounds

Answer 3

Most of the compounds in crude oil are hydrocarbons which are molecules made up of hydrogen and carbon atoms only

Question 4

What are the hydrocarbons in crude oil called

Answer 4

Most of them are alkanes

Question 5

What is the general formula for alkanes

Answer 5

CnH2n+2

Question 6

What are the first four members of the alkanes

Answer 6

Methane
Ethane
Propane
Butane

Question 7

Hydrocarbons can be broken down (cracked) to produce what

Answer 7

To produce smaller more useful molecules

Question 8

How can cracking be done

Answer 8

Catalytic cracking and steam cracking

Question 9

What do scientists call alkanes

Answer 9

Saturated molecules (this is because the carbon atoms are fully bonded to hydrogen atoms)

Question 10

What is viscosity

Answer 10

It tells us the thickness of a fluid

Question 11

As the size of hydrocarbon molecules increases the molecules become more what

Answer 11

Viscous (So very long chains flow more slowly) 

Question 12

What does flammability tell us

Answer 12

Flammability tells us how easily a hydrocarbon combusts (burns)

Question 13

When the molecular size increases does the hydrocarbon become more flammable or less

Answer 13

Less flammable (Short chains of hydrocarbon are extremely flammable)

Question 14

What is the boiling point

Answer 14

The temperature at which a liquid turns into a gas

Question 15

What type of boiling points does short chains of hydrocarbon have 

Answer 15

Short chains have a low boiling point and long chains have a high boiling point

Question 16

What do hydrocarbons depend on the size of their molecules

Answer 16

Boiling points
viscosity
flammability

these properties influence how hydrocarbons are used

Question 17

What does the combustion of hydrocarbon fuel release

Answer 17

It’s releases energy and the complete combustion of a hydrocarbon produces carbon dioxide and water

Question 18

During combustion what happens to the carbon and hydrogen in fuels 

Answer 18

They are oxidized

Question 19

What products of alkaline are included in Cracking

Answer 19

Alkanes and another type of hydrocarbon called alkenes 

Question 20



Question 21

What’s the method for separating crude oil

Answer 21

Fractional distillation

Question 22

Define feedstock

Answer 22

Feedstock is a chemical that is used to make other chemicals

Question 23

Many hydrocarbons include crude oil being separated into fractions what do they contain

Answer 23

Molecules with a similar number of carbon atoms by fractional distillation

Question 24

What can the fractions in fractional distillation produce

Answer 24

Fuels and feed stock for the petrochemical industry

Question 25

Name fuels which depend on our modern lifestyle produced from crude oil

Answer 25

Petrol
diesel oil
heavy fuel oil
liquefied petroleum gas
kerosene 

Question 26

What is the process of cracking

Answer 26

Cracking is used for producing larger molecules into smaller molecules

Question 27

What are the 2 ways we can carry out cracking

Answer 27

Catalytic cracking
Steam cracking

Question 28

What type of bond do Alkenes have

Answer 28

a double covalent bond between 2 carbon atoms

Question 29

What are Alkenes used for

Answer 29

To make and starting materials for the production of many chemicals

Question 30

Which is more reactive Alkenes or alkanes 

Answer 30

Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes

Question 31

How can you test for alkenes 

Answer 31

With bromine water (orange) + the alkene
Then shake it
This makes the bromine water turn colorless