Organic Chemistry Flashcards
Molecular formula
The actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule
Structural formula
Shows the arrangements of atoms carbon by carbon with the attached hydrogens and functional groups
Skeletal
Shows the bonds of the carbon skeleton only with functional groups
Displayed formula
Shows how all the atoms are arranged and the bonds between them
Functional group
Group of atoms responsible for its characteristic reactions
Homologous series
Family of compounds that have the same functional group and general formula with each successive member differing by CH2
What is homolytic fission
Is the breaking of covalent bonds which forms 2 radicals with one electron from the bond going to each atom
Why are lots of products produced in radical substitution
As more than one substitution happens so more termination steps occur
Why is x and example of honolytic fission
As one electron from bond pair goes to each atom
What is an electrophile
Electron pair acceptors
WHat is a nucleophile
Electron pair donors
Alicyclic
An aliphatic compound arranged in non aromatic rings(ring like structure)
Aromatic
Contains benzene ring
Aliphatic
A compound containing carbon and hydrogen arranged in straight or branched chains
Alkyl
A hydrocarbon chain w general formula CnH2n+1
Heterolytic
The bond beaks unevenly with one of the bonded atoms receiving both electrons from the bonded pair
Why is e/z isomerism shown
Due to carbon double bond which restricts rotation. Each carbon of the double bond is attached to two different groups
Stereoisomerism
Same structural and molecule formula but different arrangement of atoms in space
how are pi bonds formed
pi bonds are formed by the sideways overlap of 2 p orbitals in each carbon atom.Its formed above and below the atom
j
j
difference between pi and sigma bond
pi bond has a lower bond enthalpy .sigma bonds form between atoms and pi bonds form above and below atoms
why does cracking form lots of products
as any cc bond in alkane can break
why does this(a compound with 2 double bonds) not have cis/trans isomerism
as the c in the c=c bond are joined to two groups that are the same
temp and conditions needed to make a polymer
ziegler catalyst with high temperature
