Organelles & compartmentalisation - cell organelles Flashcards
What type of cells have a more complex ultrastructure, eukaryotic or prokaryotic?
Eukaryotic cells
Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles which contribute to their complexity.
What are the membrane-bound compartments in eukaryotic cells called?
Organelles
Organelles can be bound by a single or double membrane.
Which structures are not considered organelles due to the absence of a membrane?
- Cell wall
- Cytoskeleton
- Cytoplasm
These structures lack the membrane-bound characteristic of organelles.
Name four organelles found in eukaryotic cells.
- Nucleus
- Vesicles
- Ribosomes
- Plasma membrane
Each organelle has specific functions within the cell.
What is one advantage of compartmentalisation in cells?
- Localisation of enzymes and substrates at higher concentrations
- Separation of damaging substances
- Maintenance of optimal conditions for processes
- Alteration of organelle numbers and locations based on cell requirements
Compartmentalisation increases efficiency and safety in cellular processes.
How do organelles become specialised for specific functions?
Through specific adaptations
The structure of each organelle is adapted to help it carry out its particular function.
Why is the separation of organelles from the rest of the cell important?
It allows organelles to carry out their own chemical reactions without interference
This separation is facilitated by membranes, which can be single or double.
What scientific advancement has allowed the study of individual organelles?
The invention of ultracentrifuges
Ultracentrifuges enable cell fractionation, which is crucial for studying organelles.
What is the process called that allows separation of cell components for study?
Cell fractionation
This process involves breaking up tissue samples and centrifuging them.
What are the three stages of cell fractionation?
- Homogenisation
- Filtration
- Ultracentrifugation
Each stage serves a specific purpose in isolating organelles.
What is the purpose of homogenisation in cell fractionation?
To break up the cell sample
This is typically done using a homogeniser, similar to a blender.
What is performed during the filtration stage of cell fractionation?
The homogenate is filtered through gauze
This step removes debris and larger particles from the mixture.
What does a centrifuge do?
Separates materials by spinning
The speed can be adjusted to separate components based on molecular weight.
True or False: Research into separate organelles was extensive before the invention of ultracentrifuges.
False
Prior to ultracentrifuges, research opportunities were limited.
