Organelles & compartmentalisation - cell compartmentalisation Flashcards
What is one key organelle that distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?
The nucleus
The nucleus allows for more efficient cell processes compared to prokaryotes.
What two processes occur in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes?
Gene transcription and translation
These processes are crucial for protein synthesis.
In prokaryotes, how do gene transcription and translation occur?
Simultaneously
This allows for rapid responses to environmental stimuli.
In eukaryotes, why do transcription and translation occur separately?
Due to the compartmentalisation of the nucleus
This separation allows for more controlled processing of mRNA.
What is formed during transcription using a template strand of DNA?
mRNA
The mRNA undergoes modifications before translation.
What happens to mRNA in eukaryotes before it meets a ribosome?
It undergoes modification in isolation within the nucleus
This reduces the chance of errors in the mRNA code.
What is the advantage of compartmentalisation in the cytoplasm?
Separation of incompatible biochemical processes
This organization allows specific pathways to run smoothly.
What type of reactions can coexist within one organelle?
Conflicting reactions
Localisation helps prevent interference between different biochemical processes.
Why is nitrogenase positioned in an anaerobic part of the cytoplasm in plant cells?
Because it is particularly sensitive to oxygen
This positioning protects it from aerobic reactions.
What do lysosomes contain that could be harmful to the cell if not contained?
Lytic enzymes
These enzymes are necessary for breaking down waste materials.
What forms around potentially toxic substances during endocytosis?
A phagocytic vacuole
This keeps harmful contents separate from the cytoplasm until digestion can occur.
