Organelles Flashcards
Nucleus
Has genetic material that controls that cell
Chromatin consists of DNA and protein.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Has ribosomes all over it for protein synthesis
Transports the proteins made in the ribosomes.
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Lipid synthesis
Vesicle
Bits of membrane that have broken off from the smooth/rough ER or the Golgi apparatus
Ribosomes
Protein synthesis (joining amino acids together, DNA tells them what order to join in)
Mitochondria
Aerobic respiration to make ATP
Has circular DNA
Chloroplast
Photosynthesis occurs in the chlorophyll which are in the membranes
light energy is used to make carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water.
Cell surface/plasma membrane
Partially permeable/ controls what enters and leaves the cell
Golgi apparatus/body
Modifies, packages and delivers/transports proteins
Lysosomes
Contains acid and hydrolytic enzymes that break down unwanted things in the cell such as old organelles and pathogens.
Centriole
Make spindle fibres that break DNA apart during cell division
Undulipodium/undulipodia
Helps Eukaryotic cells move
Cilia/cilium
Move things past the cell (such as mucus in your lungs)
Tonoplast
Membrane around the large permanent vacuole
Plasmid
Extra genes are carried in them
Plasmodesma
Little gaps that join plant cells together
Capsule
Slimy outer layer to help prokaryotes to stick to things/ slip away from things (defence)
Mesosome
1) larger surface area for reactions to occur
Or
2) it’s an Artefact (made during preparation of the slide)
Nuclear pores
Allow things to leave the nucleus
Nucleolus
Makes RNA and ribosomes.
Cytoplasm
Supports the internal structure of the cell.
Maintains the shape/consistency of the cell.
Cellulose cell wall
Supports/strengthens the plant cell.
Resists turgor pressure
Peptidoglycan cell wall
Strengthens/Stabilises the prokaryotes shape
Flagellum
Helps prokaryotes move
