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Biology module 2 > Carbohydrates > Flashcards

Carbohydrates Flashcards

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1
Q

3 things monosaccharides are

A

Single sugar unit
Sweet tasting
Soluble

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2
Q

What is the ratio of carbon:hydrogen:oxygen in monosaccharides

A

1:2:1

CnH2nOn

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3
Q

Sugar with 3 carbons

A

Triose

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4
Q

Sugar with 5 carbons

A

Pentose

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5
Q

Sugar with 6 carbons

A

Hexose

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6
Q

What are isomers?

A

Same formulae but different layouts

Eg alpha and beta glucose

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7
Q

Maltose is made of

A

2 alpha glucose

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8
Q

What is the bond formed in maltose

A

Alpha 1-4 glycosidic bond

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9
Q

Is maltose a reducing sugar and why?

A

Yes, has a free carbon 1

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10
Q

How can you test for a reducing sugar?

A

Add Benedict’s solution, if it goes from blue to brick red a reducing sugar is present.

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11
Q

What is sucrose made from?

A

Alpha glucose and fructose

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12
Q

What is the bond in sucrose?

A

Alpha 1-2 glycosidic bond

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13
Q

Is sucrose a reducing sugar?

A

No, there is no free C1 on the glucose and no free C2 on the fructose.
If you hydrolysed it, it would work.

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14
Q

What is lactose made of?

A

Alpha glucose and galactose

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15
Q

What are maltose, sucrose and lactose?

A

Disaccharides

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16
Q

3 polysaccharides are

A

Starch
Glycogen
Cellulose

17
Q

Structure of starch

A

Mixture of 2 polysaccharides.
Amylose- unbranched chain. Coiled. Alpha 1-4 g bonds
Amylopectin - branched, curves, alpha 1-4 and 1-6 g bonds. Compact.

18
Q

Function of starch

A

Cells get energy from glucose, excess stored as starch. More glucose needed, starch hydrolysed.
Amylopectin branches easiest to break

19
Q

Structure of glycogen

A

Branched
Alpha 1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds
Compact (curves)

20
Q

Function of glycogen

A

Compact so good for storage lots of energy in a small space.
Branched (a 1-6 bonds) so easily hydrolysed into glucose
Insoluble so doesn’t affect water potential

21
Q

Structure of cellulose

A

Straight, parallel chains of beta glucose, every second beta glucose is inverted.
Hydrogen bonds hold them together to form strong microfibrils which make cellulose insoluble

22
Q

Function of cellulose

A

Major component of cell walls in plants
Strong because of hydrogen bonds linking chains together
Provide structural support for cells

23
Q

Why are glycogen and starch good energy stores?

A

Very compact, don’t take up space, lots of energy can be stored
Branching allows polysaccharide to be hydrolysed to glucose rapidly when needed for energy.
Insoluble - doesn’t effect water potential of cell.

Biology module 2 (19 decks)

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