Orchestrating the balance of immunity Flashcards
4 dangers of the adaptive immune system
hyper-reactivity
reactivity against self
reactivity against non-self
transformation
2 things that mediate the immune response
co-stimulation
regulation of T cells
Why is co-stimulation required
T cell receptors are insufficient to stimulate naive T cells
For a T cell to be activated what 2 signals must is receive
binding of TCR to peptide-MHC complex
Binding of CD28 on T cells to the co-stimulatory molecules expressed on APC
What happens if the co-stimulation signal acts alone
there is no effect on the cell
What happens if the antigen specific signal acts without co-stimulation
inactivation (anergy) or deletion of T cell
Role of CCR7
chemokine receptor give signal to move to lymph nodes
Where is the only place the T cell activation can occur
lymph or spleen
After a dendritic cell undergoes maturation after it takes up an antigen, what can it express?
CD80 CD86, CCR7
What does the T cells require to differentiate into an effector cell
cytokines (third signal)
A drug that inhibits proliferation of lymphocytes by interfering with DNA synthesis
Azathioprine
A drug that blocks IL-2 production and proliferation of T cells
Cyclosporin
An important negative regulator of T cell activation
CTLA-4
A negative co-stimulatory molecule
PD-1 programmed death domain
What can mutations in CTLA-4 and PD-1 result in
autoimmune disease
