hypersensitivity and autoimmunity

Question 1

Type 1 characterized by

Answer 1

IgE

Question 2

type 2 characterized by

Answer 2

antibody binding to cells

Question 3

type 3 characterized by

Answer 3

antibody-antigen complex

Question 4

type 4 characterized by

Answer 4

cellular mediated pathology

Question 5

What do IgE antibodies bind to

Answer 5

mast cells and basophils

Question 6

what does antigen cross linking 2 or more IgE induce

Answer 6

cellular degranulation and release of mediators

Question 7

name 3 mediators released in type 1

Answer 7

histamine
protaglandins
leukotrienes

Question 8

what does histamine do (2)

Answer 8

dilates and increases permeability of blood vessels

smooth muscle contraction

Question 9

What do prostaglandins do

Answer 9

contract smooth muscle of respiratory system and increase mucus secretion

Question 10

Leukotrienes

Answer 10

bronchial spasm

Question 11

What receptors do IgE bind to on mast cells and eosinophils

Answer 11

Fc epsilon receptors

Question 12

What can degranulation lead to within minutes of antigen exposure

Answer 12

anaphylactic shock, massive drop in blood pressure

Question 13

GI tract effect because of degranulation

Answer 13

increase fluid secretion and peristalsis—> expulsion of GI tract contents

Question 14

Eyes, nasal passages and airways effect of Type 1

Answer 14

decreased diameter, increased mucus secretion —>
congestion and blockage of airways
swelling and mucus secretion in nasal passages

Question 15

Blood vessels effect of type 1

Answer 15

increased blood flow and increased permeability

—> increased fluid in tissues and lymph

Question 16

The immediate release (granules) type 1

Answer 16

Histamine, TNF alpha, proteases

Question 17

Minutes release type 1

Answer 17

prostaglandins, Leukotrienes

Question 18

Hours release type 1

Answer 18

IL-4 IL-3

Question 19

what does TNF alpha do

Answer 19

cell recruitment

Question 20

summary of type 1 hypersensitivity reactions

Answer 20

allergic disease

Question 21

clinical conditions of type 1 hypersensitivity

Answer 21

allergic rhintis,
 conjunctivitis, 
asthma, 
hives 
hayfever

Question 22

mechanisms to treat asthma

Answer 22

bronchial dilators

steroids

Question 23

what are bronchial dilators

Answer 23

short acting beta-2- adrenergic receptor agonist (salbutamol)

Question 24

2 steroid inhalers

Answer 24

beclometasone

fluticasone

Question 25

What antibodies characterize type 2

Answer 25

IgG

IgM

Question 26

what do IgG and IgM do in type 2

Answer 26

the antibodies bind to cells inducing cell lysis by complement activation

Question 27

overall type 2 is a formation of

Answer 27

antigen-antibody complexes

Question 28

Type 3 characterized by which antibodies

Answer 28

IgG against soluble antigens

Question 29

What happens in type 3

Answer 29

antibody-antigen immune complexes are deposited in organs and activate complement

Question 30

When does type 3 occur

Answer 30

when ratio of antigen to antibody is approximately equal

Question 31

clinical conditions of type 3

Answer 31

serum sickness, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis

Question 32

type 4 is different because

Answer 32

cellular (not antibody mediated)

Question 33

what type is a delayed response

Answer 33

type 4

Question 34

Which cells infiltrate in type 4

Answer 34

macrophages and CD4+ T helper cells

Question 35

examples of type 4

Answer 35

skin test
metal allergy
poison ivy
MS