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Year 2 - Theme 1 > Orbit and nasal cavity > Flashcards

Orbit and nasal cavity Flashcards

1
Q

What are the bones of the nasal cavity

A

Nasal bones, maxillae, frontal bone and septum

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2
Q

What are the cartilages that form the nasal cavity

A
  • Lateral
  • Major alar
  • Septal
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3
Q

What are the three projections of the internal lateral wall and what is their purpose?

A
  • Superior conchae
  • Middle conchae
  • Inferior conchae
  • help direct flow of air through nose
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4
Q

What does the nasal cavity open into?

A

Nasopharynx

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5
Q

Arterial supply of the nose

A

Branches from ophthalmic and maxillary

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6
Q

Nerve supply of nose

A

Olfactory nerve, ophthalmic(v1 and maxillary v2) trigeminal vein

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7
Q

Where are olfaction receptors located

A
  • Epithelium lining the roof and walls of the nasal cavity
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8
Q

How does olfaction occur

A
  • Epithelium secretes a mucus fluid, odoriferous gases are dissolved into the fluid and then detected by the olfactory nerves
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9
Q

What is anosmia

A

Partial or complete loss of sense of smell

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10
Q

What are paranasal sinuses

A
  • Paranasal sinuses are air filled extensions of the nasal cavity
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11
Q

Where do the paired frontal sinuses drain into?

A
  • Each one opens into anterior part of the middle nasal meatus through which the frontonasal duct which traverses the anterior part of the ethmoid labyrinth
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12
Q

What are ethmoidal cells

A
  • Ethmoidal cells are invaginations in the ethmoid bone and drain into middle meatus(if anterior, or middle) or superior meatus(if posterior)
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13
Q

What do the sphenoidal sinuses in sphenoid bone drain into?

A
  • Sphenoidal sinuses drain into spheno-ethmoidal recess
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14
Q

Where do paired maxillary sinuses drain into?

A
  • Middle meatus
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15
Q

What is the notch on the frontal bone for?

A
  • Cutaneous nerve
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16
Q

What are the three layers of the eye?

A

Outer fibrous - Sclera and cornea

Vascular - iris

Inner - retina

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17
Q

How do eyes develop

A
  • Optic stalk grows out and lens vesicle grows in
18
Q

What are the 7 extraocular muscles surrounding the globe of the eye and therefore responsible for moving it?

A
  • Levator palpebrae superioris(elevates the eyelid)
  • Superior oblique
  • Superior rectus
  • Medial rectus
  • Lateral rectus
  • Inferior rectus
  • Inferior oblique
19
Q

What are the three different axes for rotation of the eye

A
  • Anteroposterior (lateral-medial rotation)
  • Transverse axis (elevation-depression)
  • Vertical axis (abduction-adduction)
20
Q

What does the superior rectus do?

A
  • Active in elevation of the eye(also inwards)
  • Also draws it towards midline(adduction)
  • Top of the eye
21
Q

What does the inferior rectus do?

A
  • Bottom of the eye

- Active in depression of the eye(also inwards)

22
Q

What does the medial rectus do?

A
  • Adduction
23
Q

What does the lateral rectus do?

A
  • Abduction
24
Q

What does the superior oblique do?

A
  • Attached to the superior part of the eye

- Down and outwards directional movement

25
Q

What does the inferior oblique do?

A
  • Attached to the inferior part of the eye

- Upwards and out directional movement

26
Q

What is the type of innervation provided by cranial nerve 3 - oculomotor

A
  • Somatic motor(general somatic efferent) to extra-ocular muscles(except-superior oblique and lateral rectus) and (general visceral efferent-parasympathetic) via cillary nerves to cillary body and sphincter pupillae
27
Q

Effect of parasymp and smp on the eye

A
  • Parasymp constricts eye

- Symp dilates eye

28
Q

What is the type of innervation provided by cranial nerve 4 - trochlear

A
  • Somatic motor(general somatic efferent) to superior oblique
29
Q

What is the type of innervation provided by cranial nerve 6 - abducent

A
  • Somatic motor(general somatic efferent) to lateral rectus
30
Q

What nerves are compromised when specific eye movements are impaired?

A

CN 3, 4 and 6

31
Q

What nerve is likely to be compromised when the pupil is dilated

A
  • CN 3
32
Q

What nerve is likely to be compromised in ptosis(drooping or falling of upper eyelid)?

A
  • CN 3
33
Q

Damage to what nerve can cause an abnormal pupil reflex?

A
  • CN3
34
Q

What are the main nerves supplying the eye

A
  • CNII, III, IV, V1, VI, VII
35
Q

Blood supply for the eye

A
  • Ophthalmic
  • Infra-orbital
  • Cerebral
36
Q

What nerve can be damaged by an aneurysm of cerebral artery?

A
  • CN3
37
Q

What nerve can be damaged by an orbital fracture

A
  • CN4
38
Q

What nerve can be damaged by an cavernous sinus lesion?

A
  • CN6
39
Q

What does the lacrimal apparatus consist of?

A
  • Lacrimal gland(two parts, orbital and palpebral)
40
Q

What does the lacrimal gland secrete lacrimal fluid into?

A
  • Lacrimal papilla
  • Lacrimal sac
  • Inferior meatus via nasolacrimal duct
41
Q

Nerve supply to the lacrimal gland

A
  • Parasympathetic - secretomotor(via facial VII)

- Sympathetic - vasoconstrictive(superior cervical ganglion, via internal carotid)

Year 2 - Theme 1 (30 decks)

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