Face, temporal and infratemporal fossa Flashcards
What does the occipitofrontalis do?
-Elevates eyebrows
What does the orbicularis oris do?
- Closes mouth
What does the orbicularis oculi do?
- Closes eyelids
What does the zygomaticus major do?
-Elevates labial commissure
What does the platysma do?
- Depresses mandible agains t resistance, tenses fascia of neck
What does the buccinator do?
- Compresses cheek(responsible for keeping a bolus of food inside the mouth while eating)
What is the nerve responsible for the cutaneous innervation of the face?
- Cranial nerve V
What innervates the muscles responsible for facial expression?
- Cranial nerve VII (facial)
What is the type of innervation that the facial nerve provides?
Sensory, taste, general, motor and visceral motor
What is the exit for the facial nerve
- Internal acoustic meatus
- Facial canal
- Stylomastoid foramen
What are the motor branches of the cranial nerve vII
Posterior auricular, temporal, zygomatic, buccal, marginal mandibular, cervical
What are the parasympathetic branches to pterygopalatine ganglion?
Taste - via chorda tympani via lingual nerve from anterior 2/3 of tongue
General sensory - skin over external auditory meatus
Describe the location of the parotid gland
- Superficial to muscles
- Parotid duct leaves gland at anterior edge and passes towards the corner of the mouth but turns deep through buccinator
- Parotid duct opens into oral cavity at upper second molar tooth
VAN that pass through the parotid gland
- Retromandibular vein
- External carotid artery
- Facial nerve
Role of temporalis in mastication
- Elevation
- Retraction
Role of masseter in mastication
- Elevation
Role of medial pterygoid in mastication
- Elevation, side to side
Role of lateral pterygoid in mastication
- Protrusion and depression
What is the innervation for the mastication muscles
- Motor branch of V3
Type of innervation provided by V1 ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal
- Sensory fibres skin, mucous membranes, conjunctiva, front of head
Which pharyngeal arch does the trigeminal originate from
- The first arch
What are the three divisions of the trigeminal
- Ophthalmic(sensory)
- Maxillary(sensory)
- Mandibular(mixed)
What are the exits for the divisions of the trigeminal
- Superior orbital fissure
- Foramen rotundum
- Foramen ovale
What are the branches of V1 ophthalmic
- Lacrimal, nasocillary, frontal
What does the frontal nerve branch into
- Supraorbital
- Supratrochlear
Where does the lacrimal head to
- Lacrimal head towards lacrimal gland, not just sensory by itself, also has parasymp supply from facial nerve
What does the nasocillary divide into
- Anterior athmoidal, posterior ethmoidal and infratrochlea
What is the type of innervation provided by the V2 maxillary
- Sensory fibres dura, nasal, upper cheek, lip, teeth
Describe the path of the V2 maxillary
Exits via the foramen rotundum
Enters pterygopalatine ganglion, through inferior orbital fissure
What does the V2 branch into
- Infraorbital
- Zygomaticofacial
- Zygomaticotemporal
What does the V2 eventually give rise to?
- Superior alveolar nerve which supplies the upper teeth
What is the type of innervation provided by the V3 mandibular?
- Mixed, sensory, lower face, lip and teeth. motor to muscles of mastication
What are the sensory branches of the v3 mandibular
auriculotemporal, buccal, mental, lingual, inferior alveolar
what are the motor branches of the v3 mandibular
temporalis, masseter, medial and lateral pterygoids, nerve to mylohyoid
What type of innervation does the trigeminal provide to the salivary glands
- Parasympathetic
What does the inferior alveolar eventually lead to
Mental nerve
Describe the location of the temporal and appearance of the temporal fossa
- Fan shaped space that is located on the lateral surface of the skull
What does the temporal fossa contain?
- Temporalis muscle
- Branches of V2
Location of the infratemporal fossa with respect to the temporal fossa
- Infratemporal fossa is inferior to the temporal fossa
What does the infratemporal fossa contain
- Medial and lateral pterygoids, maxillary artery, V3 branch, chorda tympani(a branch of facial nerve which follows the anatomical course of the lingual nerve), glossopharyngeal nerve and pterygoid plexus of veins
Describe the arterial supply to the face
- arterial supply is provided from the external carotid artery
What are the key branches of the external carotid artery
Lingual, facial, maxillary and superificial temporal
Which vein drains the majority of the face
- Facial vein drains the majority of the face, starting near the eye
What is the path of the facial vein
- The vein passes inferiorly and drains into the internal jugular vein
Where does the superficial temporal vein drain to?
- External jugular vein
