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Module 202 Theme 1 > Orbit and nasal cavity > Flashcards

Orbit and nasal cavity Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the nose?

A

To filter dust entering the respiratory system
Warm the air
Use in breathing

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2
Q

List the bones of the nose

A

Comprised of paired nasal bones, maxillae, frontal bone and septum

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3
Q

Name the cartilage found in the nose

A

3 main lateral, major alar and septal

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4
Q

What does the septum do?

A

Divides the nose into 2 chambers

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5
Q

Describe the inferior surface of the nose

A

3 projections - superior, middle and inferior conchae

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6
Q

What does the nasal cavity open up into?

A

Nasopharynx

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7
Q

What arteries supply the nose?

A

Branches from maxillary and opthalmic

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8
Q

Which nerves supply the nose?

A

Olfactory, ophthalmic (V1 and maxillary V2)

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9
Q

What type is the olfactory nerve (CN1)?

A

Sensory - special afferent

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10
Q

Where does the olfactory nerve exit?

A

Cribriform plate

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11
Q

What is the olfactory nerve responsible for?

A

Smell

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12
Q

Where are the olfaction receptors located?

A

In the epithelium lining the roof and walls

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13
Q

What does the epithelium of the nasal cavity do?

A

Secrete mucus fluid

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14
Q

Describe olfaction

A

Olfaction is aided by the air flow through the nasal cavity
The epithelium secretes a mucus fluid, odoriferous gases are dissolved into the fluid and then detected by the olfactory nerves

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15
Q

What are paranasal sinuses?

A

Air filled extensions of the nasal cavity

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16
Q

Where are paired frontal sinuses found?

A

In the frontal bone

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17
Q

Where does the frontal sinus drain?

A

Through frontonasal duct

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18
Q

What are ethmoidal cells?

A

Invaginations in the ethmoid bone and drain into middle meatus or superior meatus

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19
Q

What are sphenoidal sinuses?

A

In sphenoid bone

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20
Q

Where do sphenoidal sinuses drain?

A

Sphenoethmoidal recess

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21
Q

Where do paired maxillary sinuses in the maxilla drain?

A

Middle meatus

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22
Q

List the 7 bones the orbit is made up of

A 
Frontal
Maxilla
Ethmoidal
Lacrimal
Sphenoidal
Temporal - zygomatic 
Nasal
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23
Q

What does the eyeball contain?

A

Optical apparatus for the visual system

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24
Q

Where is the eyeball located?

A

In the orbit suspended by muscles

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25
Q

How many layers are there to the eye?

A

3

26
Q

Name the two outer fibrous structures

A

Sclera and cornea

27
Q

Where is the vascular iris located?

A

On top of muscles

28
Q

Name the chambers the eye is divided into

A

Anterior and posterior chambers

29
Q

What type of nerve is the optic nerve?

A

Special afferent- Sensory

30
Q

What is the function of the optic nerve?

A

Vision

31
Q

Where does the optic nerve exit the brain?

A

Optic canal

32
Q

Describe the embryological development of the optic nerve

A

Optic stalk grows out and lens vesicle grows in

33
Q

List the extraocular muscles

A

Levator Palpebrae, Superior Oblique, Superior Rectus, Medial Rectus, Lateral Rectus, Inferior Rectus, Inferior Oblique

34
Q

In what directions can the eye move?

A

Abduct and Adduct
Intort and extort
Elevate an depression

35
Q

What does the levator palpebrae do?

A

Lifting up the eyelid

36
Q

In which direction does the superior rectus cause the eye to move?

A

Elevation
Adduction
(up and in)

37
Q

In which direction does the inferior rectus cause the eye to move?

A

Down and in

38
Q

In which direction does the medial rectus cause the eye to move?

A

In

39
Q

In which direction does the lateral rectus cause the eye to move?

A

Out

40
Q

In which direction does the superior oblique muscle cause the eye to move?

A

Down and out

41
Q

In which direction does the inferior oblique cause the eye to move?

A

Up and out

42
Q

How many positions of gaze are there? `

A

9

43
Q

What type of nerve is the oculomotor nerve?

A

Somatic motor - general somatic efferent to extra-ocular muscles

44
Q

Which extraocular muscles do the oculomotor nerve not innervate?

A

Superior oblique

Lateral rectus

45
Q

Where does the oculomotor nerve exit?

A

Superior orbital fissure

46
Q

What type of nerve is the trochlear nerve? (CNIV)

A

Somatic motor - general somatic efferent

47
Q

Which muscle does the trochlear nerve innervate?

A

Superior oblique

48
Q

Where does the trochlear nerve exit?

A

Superior orbital fissure

49
Q

What type of nerve is abducent nerve (CNVI)?

A

Somatic motor

50
Q

Which muscle does the abducent nerve innervate?

A

Lateral rectus

51
Q

Where does the abducent nerve exit?

A

Superior orbital fissure

52
Q

Which cranial nerves are affected in inability of specific eye movements?

A

CN 3,4,6

53
Q

Which cranial nerves are affected in a dilated pupil?

A

CN3

54
Q

Which cranial nerve is affected in ptsosis?

A

CN3

55
Q

Which cranial nerve is affected in abnormal pupil reflex?

A

CN3

56
Q

What does the lacrimal apparatus consist of?

A

Lacrimal gland- orbital and palpebral

57
Q

Describe the process of crying

A

secretes lacrimal fluid which passes across the eye and into the lacrimal papilla, lacrimal sac and to the inferior meatus via the nasolacrimal duct.

58
Q

Name the parasympathetic supply of crying

A

Secretomotor of CN7

59
Q

Name the sympathetic supply of crying

A

Vasoconstrictive (superior cervical ganglion via internal carotid

60
Q

What is the blood supply to the orbit?

A

Ophthalmic artery
Infraorbital artery
Central artery

Module 202 Theme 1 (28 decks)

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