Orbit and nasal cavity

Question 1

What is the function of the nose?

Answer 1

To filter dust entering the respiratory system
Warm the air
Use in breathing

Question 2

List the bones of the nose

Answer 2

Comprised of paired nasal bones, maxillae, frontal bone and septum

Question 3

Name the cartilage found in the nose

Answer 3

3 main lateral, major alar and septal

Question 4

What does the septum do?

Answer 4

Divides the nose into 2 chambers

Question 5

Describe the inferior surface of the nose

Answer 5

3 projections - superior, middle and inferior conchae

Question 6

What does the nasal cavity open up into?

Answer 6

Nasopharynx

Question 7

What arteries supply the nose?

Answer 7

Branches from maxillary and opthalmic

Question 8

Which nerves supply the nose?

Answer 8

Olfactory, ophthalmic (V1 and maxillary V2)

Question 9

What type is the olfactory nerve (CN1)?

Answer 9

Sensory - special afferent

Question 10

Where does the olfactory nerve exit?

Answer 10

Cribriform plate

Question 11

What is the olfactory nerve responsible for?

Answer 11

Smell

Question 12

Where are the olfaction receptors located?

Answer 12

In the epithelium lining the roof and walls

Question 13

What does the epithelium of the nasal cavity do?

Answer 13

Secrete mucus fluid

Question 14

Describe olfaction

Answer 14

Olfaction is aided by the air flow through the nasal cavity
The epithelium secretes a mucus fluid, odoriferous gases are dissolved into the fluid and then detected by the olfactory nerves

Question 15

What are paranasal sinuses?

Answer 15

Air filled extensions of the nasal cavity

Question 16

Where are paired frontal sinuses found?

Answer 16

In the frontal bone

Question 17

Where does the frontal sinus drain?

Answer 17

Through frontonasal duct

Question 18

What are ethmoidal cells?

Answer 18

Invaginations in the ethmoid bone and drain into middle meatus or superior meatus

Question 19

What are sphenoidal sinuses?

Answer 19

In sphenoid bone

Question 20

Where do sphenoidal sinuses drain?

Answer 20

Sphenoethmoidal recess

Question 21

Where do paired maxillary sinuses in the maxilla drain?

Answer 21

Middle meatus

Question 22

List the 7 bones the orbit is made up of

Answer 22

Frontal
Maxilla
Ethmoidal
Lacrimal
Sphenoidal
Temporal - zygomatic 
Nasal

Question 23

What does the eyeball contain?

Answer 23

Optical apparatus for the visual system

Question 24

Where is the eyeball located?

Answer 24

In the orbit suspended by muscles

Question 25

How many layers are there to the eye?

Answer 25

3

Question 26

Name the two outer fibrous structures

Answer 26

Sclera and cornea

Question 27

Where is the vascular iris located?

Answer 27

On top of muscles

Question 28

Name the chambers the eye is divided into

Answer 28

Anterior and posterior chambers

Question 29

What type of nerve is the optic nerve?

Answer 29

Special afferent- Sensory

Question 30

What is the function of the optic nerve?

Answer 30

Vision

Question 31

Where does the optic nerve exit the brain?

Answer 31

Optic canal

Question 32

Describe the embryological development of the optic nerve

Answer 32

Optic stalk grows out and lens vesicle grows in

Question 33

List the extraocular muscles

Answer 33

Levator Palpebrae, Superior Oblique, Superior Rectus, Medial Rectus, Lateral Rectus, Inferior Rectus, Inferior Oblique

Question 34

In what directions can the eye move?

Answer 34

Abduct and Adduct Intort and extort Elevate an depression

Question 35

What does the levator palpebrae do?

Answer 35

Lifting up the eyelid

Question 36

In which direction does the superior rectus cause the eye to move?

Answer 36

Elevation Adduction (up and in)

Question 37

In which direction does the inferior rectus cause the eye to move?

Answer 37

Down and in

Question 38

In which direction does the medial rectus cause the eye to move?

Answer 38

In

Question 39

In which direction does the lateral rectus cause the eye to move?

Answer 39

Out

Question 40

In which direction does the superior oblique muscle cause the eye to move?

Answer 40

Down and out

Question 41

In which direction does the inferior oblique cause the eye to move?

Answer 41

Up and out

Question 42

How many positions of gaze are there? `

Answer 42

9

Question 43

What type of nerve is the oculomotor nerve?

Answer 43

Somatic motor - general somatic efferent to extra-ocular muscles

Question 44

Which extraocular muscles do the oculomotor nerve not innervate?

Answer 44

Superior oblique | Lateral rectus

Question 45

Where does the oculomotor nerve exit?

Answer 45

Superior orbital fissure

Question 46

What type of nerve is the trochlear nerve? (CNIV)

Answer 46

Somatic motor - general somatic efferent

Question 47

Which muscle does the trochlear nerve innervate?

Answer 47

Superior oblique

Question 48

Where does the trochlear nerve exit?

Answer 48

Superior orbital fissure

Question 49

What type of nerve is abducent nerve (CNVI)?

Answer 49

Somatic motor

Question 50

Which muscle does the abducent nerve innervate?

Answer 50

Lateral rectus

Question 51

Where does the abducent nerve exit?

Answer 51

Superior orbital fissure

Question 52

Which cranial nerves are affected in inability of specific eye movements?

Answer 52

CN 3,4,6

Question 53

Which cranial nerves are affected in a dilated pupil?

Answer 53

CN3

Question 54

Which cranial nerve is affected in ptsosis?

Answer 54

CN3

Question 55

Which cranial nerve is affected in abnormal pupil reflex?

Answer 55

CN3

Question 56

What does the lacrimal apparatus consist of?

Answer 56

Lacrimal gland- orbital and palpebral

Question 57

Describe the process of crying

Answer 57

secretes lacrimal fluid which passes across the eye and into the lacrimal papilla, lacrimal sac and to the inferior meatus via the nasolacrimal duct.

Question 58

Name the parasympathetic supply of crying

Answer 58

Secretomotor of CN7

Question 59

Name the sympathetic supply of crying

Answer 59

Vasoconstrictive (superior cervical ganglion via internal carotid

Question 60

What is the blood supply to the orbit?

Answer 60

Ophthalmic artery Infraorbital artery Central artery