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Module 202 Theme 1 > Neck and oral cavity > Flashcards

Neck and oral cavity Flashcards

1
Q

How is the oral cavity divided?

A

Outer oral vestibule and inner oral cavity

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2
Q

What is the oral vestibule?

A

Lips and cheeks

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3
Q

What composes the roof of the mouth?

A

Hard palate and soft palate

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4
Q

List the muscles of the soft palate

A

Palatoglossal arch

Palatopharyngeal arch - uvula

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5
Q

What is the floor of the oral cavity composed of?

A

Mylohyoid muscle, geniohyoid muscle, submandibular

glands, sublingual glands and tongue

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6
Q

How is the tongue divided?

A

Anterior two thirds (oral)
Posterior third (pharyngeal)
Demarked by a v shaped sulcus (terminal sulcus)

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7
Q

What covers the tongue?

A

Papillae cover the tongue and all except filiform have taste buds on the surface

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8
Q

The undersurface contains what?

A

Medial folds which internally separates the right and left sides of the tongue

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9
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

Longitudinal, transverse and vertical create precision movements for speech, eating and swallowing

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10
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles?

A

Genioglossus - depresses and protrudes tongue
Hypoglossus - depresses tongue
Styloglossus - retracts the tongue
Palatoglossus - elevates the tongue and depresses soft palate

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11
Q

What is the blood supply of the tongue?

A

Lingual artery

lingual veins

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12
Q

Describe the innervation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

A

Taste - special afferent (taste), facial CN7 via chorda tympani via lingual nerve (V3)
Sensation - lingual nerve (V3)

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13
Q

Describe the innervation to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue

A

Taste - Special afferent (taste) glossopharyngeal (CN9)
Sensation - General sensation glossopharyngeal (CN9)
Motor to whole tongue. Hypoglossal nerve (CN12) except palatoglossus CN10

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14
Q

What type of nerve is cranial nerve 9 Glossopharyngeal?

A

Type: Sensory (somatic), special sensory (taste), motor and visceral

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15
Q

Where does cranial nerve 9 exit?

A

Jugular foramen

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16
Q

What is the innervation of cranial nerve 9?

A
  • Sensory- posterior 1/3 tongue, oropharynx
  • Taste- posterior 1/3 tongue
  • Motor- stylopharyngeus
  • Visceral to the parotid gland to stimulate secretion to aid digestion. Note: other salivary glands innervated via facial nerve (CN7)
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17
Q

What type of nerve is cranial nerve 12 hypoglossal?

A

Type: Motor to intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue.

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18
Q

Where does cranial nerve 12 exit?

A

Hypoglossal canal

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19
Q

What is the larynx?

A

Specialised organ that provides a protective sphincter for the air passages and produces phonation.

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20
Q

What does the larynx contain?

A

Contains ligaments, the two most important are the vestibular and the vocal ligament.

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21
Q

What makes up the framework of the larynx?

A

The framework of the larynx is made up of cartilages: Thyroid, cricoid, arytenoid, cuneiform, corniculate and epiglottis.

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22
Q

Describe the nerve supply to the layrnx

A

Nerve supply: sensory and motor from the vagus, via the superior laryngeal branch and recurrent laryngeal branch.

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23
Q

What is the blood supply of the larynx?

A

Blood supply: upper half by the superior thyroid artery and lower half by inferior thyroid artery.

24
Q

What is the pharynx?

A

Pharynx is the most posterior part of the neck, situated behind the nasal cavity and the larynx.

25
Q

Name the three sections of the pharynx

A

Nasopharynx
Laryngopharynx
Oropharynx

26
Q

What muscles are found in the pharynx?

A

consist of three constrictors (Superior, middle and inferior)

27
Q

What is the nerve supply of the pharynx?

A

Motor via vagus, EXCEPT- stylopharyngeus- CN9

Sensory via V2, CN 9, CN10

28
Q

What type of nerve is cranial nerve 10 vagus nerve?

A

Type: Sensory, taste, visceral sensory, motor and visceral motor

29
Q

Describe the path of the vagus nerve

A

rootlets from medulla, through jugular foramen continues in carotid sheath, branches into head and thorax

30
Q

Where does the vagus nerve exit?

A

Jugular foramen

31
Q

Describe the innervation of the vagus nerve

A

Sensory- from larynx, dura mater
Taste- epiglottis and pharynx
Visceral sensory- aortic bodies, aortic arch chemoreceptors, bronchi, heart, lungs, midgut and foregut
Motor- palatoglossus, muscles of pharynx and larynx
Visceral motor- as part of parasympathetic to smooth muscle in glands in pharynx, larynx, thoracic viscera, foregut and midgut.

32
Q

Which bone does the neck contain?

A

Mobile hyoid bone

33
Q

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

A

7

34
Q

What are the 3 layers of deep fascia to the neck?

A

Pretracheal fascia
Prevertebral fascia
Investing fascia

35
Q

What is the purpose of the fascia in the neck?

A

Stops spreading of infection

Enables structures to move past each other in movement and swallowing etc.

36
Q

What is the carotid sheath?

A

Carotid sheath blends with the pretracheal and prevertebral fascia. It contains: Common and internal carotid arteries. Internal jugular vein. Vagus nerve (CN 10). Some deep cervical lymph nodes. Carotid sinus nerve.

37
Q

What divides the neck into the anterior and lateral/posterior compartment?

A

Sternocleidomastoid muscle

38
Q

What is the anterior compartment divided into?

A

three paired triangles and one unpaired; the unpaired submental triangle, the paired submandibular, carotid and muscular triangle.

39
Q

What is the posterior compartment divided into?

A

bounded posteriorly by the trapezius muscle and is divided into two triangles by the presence of the posterior belly of omohyoid into: the large occipital triangle and the smaller omoclavicular triangle.

40
Q

Descrbe the submandibular triangle

A

Submandibular triangle bounded by: anterior and posterior bellies of digastric. Contains: submandibular gland, facial artery and vein.

41
Q

Describe the submental triangle

A

Submental triangle bounded by: digastric. Contains lymph nodes.

42
Q

Describe the muscular triangle

A

Muscular triangle bounded by: omohyoid, SCM. Contains supra and infra hyoid muscles

43
Q

Describe the carotid triangle

A

Carotid triangle bounded by: omohyoid, stylohyoid, digastric, SCM. Contains: common carotid artery, IJV, hypoglossal nerve, vagus nerve, accessory nerve.

44
Q

Describe the suprahyoid muscles

A

Stylohyoid, digastric, mylohyoid and geniohyoid

Innervation: Facial nerve for stylohyoid and posterior belly of digastric. Mylohyoid by CN 5 and geniohyoid by CN 12

45
Q

Describe the infrahyoid muscles

A

Omohyoid, sternohyoid, thyrohyoid, and sternothyroid

Innervation: C1-C3 of ansa cervicalis

46
Q

Describe the posterior triangle

A

Posterior triangle contains: subclavian artery, EJV, brachial plexus, CN 11, cervical plexus

47
Q

Describe the occipital triangle

A

Occipital triangle bounded by: SCM, trapezius and omohyoid.

48
Q

Describe the supraclavicular triangle

A

Supraclavicular triangle bounded by: clavicular head of SCM, clavicle and omohyoid

49
Q

Where is the cervical plexus?

A

Roots of cervical plexus C1-C4 lies anterior to Levator scapulae.

50
Q

What is the function of cervical plexus?

A

The cervical plexus provides cutaneous branches and deep motor branches (ansa cervicalis and phrenic nerve)

51
Q

Describe the arterial supply of the neck

A

A number of major vessels travel in the neck to supply the viscera, upper limb and head.
Brachiocephalic÷
common carotid÷
Internal and external carotids
External carotid ÷ 6 branches to supply the neck and head
Superior thyroid, ascending pharyngeal, lingual, facial, maxillary, superficial temporal
Subclavian arteries- inferior thyroid
Internal carotid- no branches until inside skull

52
Q

Describe the venous drainage of the neck

A

The Internal jugular vein (IJV) drains the brain, face, cervical viscera and neck muscles.
External jugular vein
Anterior jugular vein

53
Q

What type of nerve is cranial nerve 11 accessory?

A

Type: Motor to Sternocleidomastoid and Trapezius.

54
Q

Where does cranial nerve 11 accessory exit?

A

Jugular foramen

55
Q

What type of nerve is cranial nerve 8 vestibulocochlear nerve?

A

Type: Sensory, special somatic afferent for hearing, equilibrium and motion.

56
Q

Describe the path of cranial nerve 8

A

Divides into Vestibular and Cochlear Nerves.

57
Q

Where does the vestibulocochlear nerve exit?

A

Internal acoustic meatus

Module 202 Theme 1 (28 decks)

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