Face, temporal and infratemporal fossa Flashcards
What role does the face have?
Important role in our communication with others and our interaction with the environment (eyes, ears).
What determines the face shape?
Underlying bones
What are the muscles in the face used for?
Muscles of facial expression are responsible for closing the eye and mouth and for conveying mood.
What is the role of occipitofrontalis?
Elevates eyebrows
What is the role of orbicularis oris?
Closes the mouth
What is the role of orbicularis oculi?
Closes eyelids
What is the role of zygomaticus major?
Elevates labial commissure
What is the role of platysma?
Depresses mandible against resistance, tenses facial muscle
What is the role of buccinator?
Compresses cheek- keeps bolus of food in the mouth
What is the cutaneous innervation of the face?
Cutaneous innervation by the trigeminal nerve (CNV)
What are the facial muscles innervated by?
Facial nerve (CNXII)
What type of nerve is cranial nerve 7?
Sensory, Taste, General motor and visceral motor
Where does the cranial nerve 7 exit?
Internal acoustic meatus, facial canal, stylomastoid foramen
Describe the motor branch of the facial nerve
Posterior auricular, temporal, zygomatic, buccal, marginal mandibular, cervical
Describe the parasympathetic branches of the facial nerve
To pterygopalatine ganglion
Describe the taste branch of the facial nerve
Via chorda tympani via lingual nerve from anterior two thirds of tongue.
Describe the general sensory branch of the facial nerve
Skin over external auditory meatus.
What is the parotid gland?
The parotid gland is the largest of three salivary glands in the head (parotid, submandibular, sublingual) that aid digestion
Where is the parotid gland located?
Superficial to muscles
Where does the parotid gland arise?
Parotid duct leaves gland at anterior edge and passes towards the corner of the mouth but turns deep through buccinator.
Where does the parotid gland open?
Oral cavity at upper second molar tooth
Which structures run through the parotid gland?
Retromandibular vein
External carotid artery
Facial nerve
Name the muscles of mastication
Temporalis
Masseter
Medial Pterygoid
What does the temporalis muscle do?
Elevation, retraction
What does the masseter muscle do?
Elevation
What does the medial pterygoid do?
Elevation, side to side
What does the lateral pterygoid do?
Protrusion and depression
What are the muscles of mastication innervated by?
Supplied by motor branch of V3
What type of nerve is the trigeminal nerve?
Somatic (general sensory) and somatic motor to derivatives of 1st pharyngeal arch.
Name the divisions of the trigeminal nerve
Ophthalmic
Maxillary
Mandibular
Where does the trigeminal nerve exit?
V1 - Superior orbital fissure
V2 - Foramen rotundum
V3 - Foramen ovale
What type of nerve is V1 ophthalmic?
Sensory fibres
What are the branches of the ophthalmic V1 nerve?
Lacrimal
Nasociliary
Frontal
Where does the ophthalmic V1 nerve exit?
Superior orbital fissure
What types of fibre is the maxillary nerve (V2)?
Sensory fibres
Describe the path of the maxillary nerve (V2)
Enters pterygopalatine fossa, gives off branches to pterygopalatine ganglion, through inferior orbital fissure.
Where does the maxillary nerve (V2) exit?
Foramen rotundum
Name the branches of the maxillary nerve V2
Infraorbital
Zygomaticofacial
Zygomaticotemporal
What type of nerve is the mandibular nerve (V3)?
Mixed, sensory, lower face, lip, teeth. Motor to muscles of mastication
Where does the mandibular nerve V3 exit?
Foramen ovale
Describe the sensory branches of the mandibular nerve
Sensory-auriculotemporal, buccal, mental, lingual, inferior alveolar
Describe the motor branches of the mandibular nerve
Motor- temporalis, masseter, medial and lateral pterygoids, nerve to mylohyoid
Where does the parasympathetic branch of the mandibular nerve go to?
Salivary glands
What is the temporal fossa and what does it contain?
The temporal fossa is a fan shaped space that is located on the lateral surface of the skull.
The temporal fossa contains: temporalis muscle, branches of V2
What is the infratemporal fossa and what does it contain?
The infratemporal fossa is inferior to the temporal fossa.
The infratemporal fossa contains: medial and lateral pterygoids, maxillary artery, V3, branches of facial nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve and pterygoid plexus of veins.
How is arterial blood supply to the face delivered?
Arterial supply is provided from the external carotid artery.
What are the key branches of the external carotid artery?
Key branches: Lingual Facial Maxillary Superficial temporal
Describe the venous drainage of the face
The facial vein drains the majority of the face, starting near the eye.
The vein passes inferiorly and drains into the internal jugular vein.
The superficial temporal vein drains into the external jugular vein.
