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Module 202 Theme 1 > Face, temporal and infratemporal fossa > Flashcards

Face, temporal and infratemporal fossa Flashcards

1
Q

What role does the face have?

A

Important role in our communication with others and our interaction with the environment (eyes, ears).

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2
Q

What determines the face shape?

A

Underlying bones

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3
Q

What are the muscles in the face used for?

A

Muscles of facial expression are responsible for closing the eye and mouth and for conveying mood.

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4
Q

What is the role of occipitofrontalis?

A

Elevates eyebrows

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5
Q

What is the role of orbicularis oris?

A

Closes the mouth

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6
Q

What is the role of orbicularis oculi?

A

Closes eyelids

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7
Q

What is the role of zygomaticus major?

A

Elevates labial commissure

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8
Q

What is the role of platysma?

A

Depresses mandible against resistance, tenses facial muscle

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9
Q

What is the role of buccinator?

A

Compresses cheek- keeps bolus of food in the mouth

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10
Q

What is the cutaneous innervation of the face?

A

Cutaneous innervation by the trigeminal nerve (CNV)

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11
Q

What are the facial muscles innervated by?

A

Facial nerve (CNXII)

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12
Q

What type of nerve is cranial nerve 7?

A

Sensory, Taste, General motor and visceral motor

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13
Q

Where does the cranial nerve 7 exit?

A

Internal acoustic meatus, facial canal, stylomastoid foramen

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14
Q

Describe the motor branch of the facial nerve

A

Posterior auricular, temporal, zygomatic, buccal, marginal mandibular, cervical

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15
Q

Describe the parasympathetic branches of the facial nerve

A

To pterygopalatine ganglion

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16
Q

Describe the taste branch of the facial nerve

A

Via chorda tympani via lingual nerve from anterior two thirds of tongue.

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17
Q

Describe the general sensory branch of the facial nerve

A

Skin over external auditory meatus.

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18
Q

What is the parotid gland?

A

The parotid gland is the largest of three salivary glands in the head (parotid, submandibular, sublingual) that aid digestion

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19
Q

Where is the parotid gland located?

A

Superficial to muscles

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20
Q

Where does the parotid gland arise?

A

Parotid duct leaves gland at anterior edge and passes towards the corner of the mouth but turns deep through buccinator.

21
Q

Where does the parotid gland open?

A

Oral cavity at upper second molar tooth

22
Q

Which structures run through the parotid gland?

A

Retromandibular vein
External carotid artery
Facial nerve

23
Q

Name the muscles of mastication

A

Temporalis
Masseter
Medial Pterygoid

24
Q

What does the temporalis muscle do?

A

Elevation, retraction

25
Q

What does the masseter muscle do?

A

Elevation

26
Q

What does the medial pterygoid do?

A

Elevation, side to side

27
Q

What does the lateral pterygoid do?

A

Protrusion and depression

28
Q

What are the muscles of mastication innervated by?

A

Supplied by motor branch of V3

29
Q

What type of nerve is the trigeminal nerve?

A

Somatic (general sensory) and somatic motor to derivatives of 1st pharyngeal arch.

30
Q

Name the divisions of the trigeminal nerve

A

Ophthalmic
Maxillary
Mandibular

31
Q

Where does the trigeminal nerve exit?

A

V1 - Superior orbital fissure
V2 - Foramen rotundum
V3 - Foramen ovale

32
Q

What type of nerve is V1 ophthalmic?

A

Sensory fibres

33
Q

What are the branches of the ophthalmic V1 nerve?

A

Lacrimal
Nasociliary
Frontal

34
Q

Where does the ophthalmic V1 nerve exit?

A

Superior orbital fissure

35
Q

What types of fibre is the maxillary nerve (V2)?

A

Sensory fibres

36
Q

Describe the path of the maxillary nerve (V2)

A

Enters pterygopalatine fossa, gives off branches to pterygopalatine ganglion, through inferior orbital fissure.

37
Q

Where does the maxillary nerve (V2) exit?

A

Foramen rotundum

38
Q

Name the branches of the maxillary nerve V2

A

Infraorbital
Zygomaticofacial
Zygomaticotemporal

39
Q

What type of nerve is the mandibular nerve (V3)?

A

Mixed, sensory, lower face, lip, teeth. Motor to muscles of mastication

40
Q

Where does the mandibular nerve V3 exit?

A

Foramen ovale

41
Q

Describe the sensory branches of the mandibular nerve

A

Sensory-auriculotemporal, buccal, mental, lingual, inferior alveolar

42
Q

Describe the motor branches of the mandibular nerve

A

Motor- temporalis, masseter, medial and lateral pterygoids, nerve to mylohyoid

43
Q

Where does the parasympathetic branch of the mandibular nerve go to?

A

Salivary glands

44
Q

What is the temporal fossa and what does it contain?

A

The temporal fossa is a fan shaped space that is located on the lateral surface of the skull.
The temporal fossa contains: temporalis muscle, branches of V2

45
Q

What is the infratemporal fossa and what does it contain?

A

The infratemporal fossa is inferior to the temporal fossa.
The infratemporal fossa contains: medial and lateral pterygoids, maxillary artery, V3, branches of facial nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve and pterygoid plexus of veins.

46
Q

How is arterial blood supply to the face delivered?

A

Arterial supply is provided from the external carotid artery.

47
Q

What are the key branches of the external carotid artery?

A 
Key branches:
Lingual
Facial
Maxillary
Superficial temporal
48
Q

Describe the venous drainage of the face

A

The facial vein drains the majority of the face, starting near the eye.
The vein passes inferiorly and drains into the internal jugular vein.
The superficial temporal vein drains into the external jugular vein.

Module 202 Theme 1 (28 decks)

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