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121 Histology & Embryology > Oral Mucosa > Flashcards

Oral Mucosa Flashcards

1
Q

What are the major components of oral mucosa/epithelium?

A

Stratified squamous–> avascular
Basement membrane–> divides epithelium & CT
Connective Tissue–> underlies epithelium & contains vascular & neural elements

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2
Q

What are the functions of oral mucosa?

A 
Protective
Secretory
Taste*
Absorption
Sensory
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3
Q

What are the 3 types of oral mucosa?

A

Masticatory
Lining
Specialized

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4
Q

Where is masticatory mucosa found?

A

Hard palate
Gingiva
Dorsum of tongue

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5
Q

What types of epithelium is masticatory mucosa composed of?

A

Parakeratinized and orthokeratinized epithelium

Para= immature form of ortho

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6
Q

Which type of mucosa has the fastest cell turnover time? Longest?

A 
Lining= fastest @ 4-12 days
Masticatory= longest @ 12-24 days
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7
Q

What are the cell layers of masticatory mucosa?

A

Stratum Germinativum/basal layer
Stratum Spinosum/Prickle layer
Stratum Granulosum/granular layer
Stratum corneum/keratin layer

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8
Q

Which type of epithelium has cells that contain only keratin and no nuclei?

A

Orthokeratinized

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9
Q

Which type of epithelium has cells that contain keratin and nuclei but no organelles?

A

Parakeratinized

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10
Q

What are microplicae?

A

Cellular ridge-like folds/may produce mucin for protection of tissue surface

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11
Q

Function of melanocytes and their embryonic origin

A

Produce melanin, derived from CT

Embryology= neural crest cells

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12
Q

Function of Granstein & Lagerhans cells

A

Antigen processing/act as phagocytes

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13
Q

Function of Merkel cells

A

Clear cells with tactile receptors & react to pressure

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14
Q

Where is lining mucosa found?

A

Labial, buccal and alveolar mucosa; sulcus, junctional epithelium, col region, floor of mouth, ventral surface of tongue & soft palate

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15
Q

What type of epithelium makes up lining mucosa?

A

Stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium

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16
Q

Cell layers of nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

A
  • Stratum basal- same as germinativum
  • Stratum intermedium- corresponds w/ spinosum (larger cells, fewer intercellular bridges)
  • Stratum superficiale- coresponds w/ corneum, nuceli are normal, organelles present
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17
Q

Where is specialized mucosa found? why is it specialized and what is its function?

A

Dorsal and lateral surfaces of tongue

Combo of masticatory and lining mucosa

taste function

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18
Q

Function of basement membrane? What are the two portions?

A

Divides epithelium and CT, two portions come one from each layer

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19
Q

What are the 2 layers of the basal lamina?

A

Lamina lucida- outer clear layer (closest to epithelium)

Lamina densa- Inside dense layer (closest to CT)

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20
Q

What is the attachment mechanism for the basal lamina?

A

Hemidesmosomes w/ attachment plaques

Tonofilaments

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21
Q

What are epithelial ridges/rete ridges and where are they located?

A

Concave and curving side of the basal lamina

Increases surface area contact to CT

Located throughout all oral mucosa but most prominent in masticatory

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22
Q

What is the epithelial component of the basement membrane?

A

Basal lamina- 2 layers, thin, collagenous network

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23
Q

What is the CT component of the basement membrane?

A

Lamina reticularis- one layer, thick, ACELLULAR, collagenous network

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24
Q

What is the attachment mechanism of the lamina reticularis?

A

Anchoring fibers; penetrate and pierce the lamina densa above it, interacts with hemidesmosomes and tonofilaments, stabilizes epithelial cells

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25
What are connective tissue papilla?
Convex, curved area of the lamina reticularis side of the basement membrane Increases surface area contact to EPITHELIUM Most prominent in masticatory mucosa
26
Cells of subepithelial CT
``` Fibroblasts Myofibroblasts Mast cells Macrophages Tissue WBC's ```
27
What do fibroblasts produce in subepitheial CT?
Collagen, reticulin, elastin fibers and ground substance
28
What do myofibroblasts produce in subepithelial CT?
Modified fibroblasts (PDL, gingiva, wound healing) Combo of fibroblasts and muscle cell= contractile Also assoc. with eruption
29
WHat do mast cells produce?
Heparin | Histamine
30
What are the tissue WBC's?
PMN's, eosinophils, lymphocytes, monocytes
31
What are the tissue layers of the subepithelial CT?
``` Lamina propria Submucosa layer (deep ayer) ```
32
What does the lamina propria layer contain?
Collagen fibers | My contain elastic fibers
33
What is teh attachment mechanism for the lamina propria?
Interdigitates w/ epithelium along the lamina reticularis/CT papilla
34
WHat are the 2 layers of the lamina propria?
``` Papillary layer (closest to epithelium)- loose CT, BV/nerves Dense layer (below papillary)- dense CT, lots of collagen ```
35
What is the submucosa layer and what does it attach to?
Loose CT that attaches to deeper structures Thick: attach to muscle- soft palate Thin: attach to bone- gingiva, hard palate, alveolar mucosa
36
What supplies blood to the lamina propria?
Capillary plexus
37
What supplies blood to the submucosa layer?
BV
38
What is the external surface of the lips and cheeks?
Epidermis
39
What is the epithelial component of the lips and cheeks?
Keratinized epithelium w/ dermis (CT) and has increased amount of rete ridges & CT papilla
40
What is the vermillion zone?
Specialized epidermis | Red zone, keratinized epithelium w/ dermis & has increased amount of rete ridges and CT papilla
41
WHat does the vermillion zone form?
Mucotaneous junctions: Jct. of epidermis and labial mucosa, commisures of lips
42
What type of mucosa is the labial and buccal mucosa?
Lining mucosa Thick, nonkeratinized epithelium w/ lamina propria Increased rete ridges & CT papilla
43
Describe the submucosa layer (CT) of the labial and buccal mucosa
Loosely attached to muscle, contains minor salivary glands Associated structures: Lips- labial frenum. Cheeks- buccal frenum, linea alba, fordyce granules, parotid papilla, buccinator muscle, buccal fat pad
44
What type of mucosa is alveolar mucosa?
Lining mucosa Covers alveolar ridge but not the hard palate
45
Describe the epithlium of the alveolar mucosa
Thin, nonkeratinized epithelium w/ lamina propria & has decreased amounts of rete ridges and CT papilla
46
Describe the attachment of the submucosa layer of the alveolar mucosa
Loosely attached to periosteum of bone and contains minor salivary glands
47
What are the associated structures of alveolar mucosa?
MGJ: junction of alveolar mucosa and attached gingiva
48
Where is the gingiva located?
Extends from the GM to the MGJ
49
What type of epithelium is gingiva? Describe the epithelial components
Masticatory mucosa Thick para/orthokeratinized epithelium Increased rete ridges/pegs Lamina propria has increase CT papilla So submucosal layer
50
What are the 5 gingival ligaments that support the gingiva and are not considered part of the periodontium?
``` Circular Alveogingival Dentoperiosteal Dentogingival Transseptal/Interdental ```
51
Where is the sulcular epithelium located?
From the sulcus to the col area
52
What type of mucosa is sulcular epithelium? describe
Lining mucosa Extremely thin, nonkeratinized epithelium Decreased rete pegs Has lamina propria and decreased CT papilla No submucosal layer
53
Where is free gingiva located?
GM to free gingival groove, coronal to attached gingiva
54
What is the gingival margin?
Most coronal part of free gingiva Junction between free gingiva and gingival sulcus
55
What is the free gingival groove?
Depression that demarcates the end of free gingiva, beginning of attached gingiva Level w/ floor of sulcus May not be prominent/visible
56
What is the gingival sulcus?
Shallow groove that separates free gingiva from surface of tooth Extends from GM to junctional epithelium (bottom of pocket)
57
What is the function of gingival crevicular fluid?
Provides adhesion, defense and participates in inflammatory response
58
What is junctional epithelium? Function?
Forms floor of gingival sulcus Attaches gingiva directly to the tooth surface using hemidesmosomes At same level of free gingival groove
59
Where is attached gingiva? What is its attachment?
Extends from free gingiva to MGJ Attaches to alveolar bone
60
What are interdental papilla?
Tissue that fills space between 2 adjacent teeth
61
What are the 3 regions of interdental papilla?
Labial/buccal and lingual/palatal surfaces- pyramid shape, contains gingival ligaments Col region- Crater-like depression of IP. Located below contact area of adjacent teeth
62
What innervates the alveolar bone?
Subperiosteal arteriole and branches of Zuckerkandle & Herschfelds
63
What vascularizes the gingiva?
Maxillary artery PDL vessels/ dental branches
64
What innervates the gingiva?
Trigeminal nerve PDL nerve branches/dental branches Alveolar bone/ subperiosteal nerves
65
Describe the epithelial qualities of junctional epithelium
Nonkeratinized lining mucosa No retepegs or CT papilla Wedge-shaped and continuous w/ sulcular epithelium Located on tooth, forms floor of gingival sulcus
66
What is the function of the external basal lamina of JE?
Composes the basement membrane | Separates epithelium cells and lamina propria
67
What are the layers of the external basal lamina/basement membrane?
Lamina lucida- closest to epithelium Lamina Densa- Lamina reticularis
68
What is the function of internal basal lamina?
Attaches epithelium to the tooth via hemidesmosomes High mitotic activity- cells move from EBL to IBL- desquamate through sulcus
69
What are the layers of internal basal lamina?
Lamina lucida- closest to epithelial cells | Lamina densa- closest to tooth surface
70
What is the attachment mechanism for Internal and external basal lamina?
Hemidesmosomes attach basal lamina to enamel Starts on enamel but could eventually reside on cementum or even dentin
71
When does JE form?
Established during tooth eruption
72
How does JE form?
REE and oral epithelum fuse utilizing desmosomes--> Forms primary epithelial attachment PEA is replaced by oral epithelium forming JE and secondary epithelial attachment
73
What kind of epithelium makes up the hard palate? Describe the epithelium
Masticatory mucosa Thick para/orthokeratinized epithelium Increased rete pegs
74
Describe the subepithelial CT of the hard palate
Subepithelial CT has lamina propria with increased CT papilla Firmly bount to periosteum- part of mucoperiosteum Submucosal layer present in lateral zones
75
Associated structures of the hard palate
Raphe, gingival region, rugae, incisive papilla, fovea, minor slivary glands
76
Vascularization and innervation of hard palate
Branches of nasopalatine and palatine arteries and nerves
77
Describe the epithelium that makes up the soft palate
Lining mucosa Thin, nomkeratinized epithelium Increased rete ridges
78
Describe the subepithelial CT of the soft palate
Thick lamina propria Increased CT papilla w/ elastin layer Attaches to epimysium Contains MSG's
79
Vascularization and innervation of soft palate
Lesser palatine artery and nerve
80
Describe the epithelium of the uvula
Lining mucosa Nonkeratinized epithelium Increased rete pegs
81
Describe the subepithelial CT of the uvula
Lamina propria has increased CT papilla SUbmucosal layer attaches to epimysium of muscle core
82
Describe the epithelium of the nasopharynx/nasal surface of palate
Hard and Soft palate: Pseudostratified columnar epithelium Posterior soft palate: nonkeratinized epithelium
83
Describe the subepithelial CT of the nasopharynx
Lamin propria and submucosal layer Similar to hard/soft palates Contains MSG's
84
Describe the epithelium of the body/dorsum of tongue- Anterior 2/3
Specialized mucosa Para, ortho and non keratinized epithelium (mixed)
85
Describe the subepithelial CT of the body/Anterior 2/3 of tongue
Lamina propria has increased CT papilla Submucosal layer attaches to epimysium of muscle core
86
What kind of epithelium make up the lingual papilla? What are the 4 kinds of lingual papilla?
Keratinized epithelium Filiform- abrasive/no taste Fungiform- taste Foliate- taste and vin ebner salivary ducts Circumvallate- taste and von ebner
87
What are the components of taste buds?
``` Taste pore- Opening on the top of taste buds Taste hair- taste receptors Taste bud- Origin of taste Taste cells- produce taste sensation Supporting cells- support taste cells ```
88
What vessel provides blood supply to the tongue?
Lingual artery
89
What nerves provide general sensory to the tongue?
Trigeminal- body | Glossopharyngeal- root
90
What nerves provide special sensory for the tongue?
Facial Glossopharyngeal Vagus
91
What are the motor nerves of the tongue?
Facial Glossopharyngeal Hypoglossal
92
Describe the glands of Von Ebner (middle)
``` Pure serous (watery) Posterior 1/3 of tongue Open into circumvallate and foliate papilla ```
93
Describe the glands of Blandin Nuhn (anterior)
``` Mixed gland (serious/mucus) In tip of tongue Open into plica fimbriata on ventral surface ```
94
Describe posterior mucus gland (posterior)
Pure mucus gland (thick) In posterior 1/3 root of tongue Open into tonsillar crypts of tongue
95
Describe the epithelium of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue
Lining mucosa | Nonkeratinized and decreased rete pegs
96
Describe the subepithelial CT of the posterior 1/3 of tongue
Lamina propria has increased CT papilla | Attached to epimysium of muscles
97
Associated structures of posterior 1/3 of tongue
Sulcus terminalis- jct of body and root Foramen cecum- depression posterior to sulcus terminalis (thyroid) Lingual tonsil- lateral surface Tonsillar crypts- crevices of lingual tonsils
98
Describe the epithelium of the ventral surface of the tongue
Lining mucosa Thin, nonkeratinized Decreased rete pegs
99
Describe the subepithelial CT of the ventral surface of the tongue
Lamina propria has decreased CT papilla Submucosal layer is loosely attached to muscle epimysium Great range of movment
100
Where can hyperkeratinized epithelium occur?
On non/para/orthokeratinized epithelium
101
Examples of hyperkeratinized epithelium
Linea alba on buccal mucosa from localized trauma Fibrosis of attached gingiva from advanced perio disease Nicotine stomatitis on hard palate In oral vestibules from chewing tobacco
102
What can give rise to squamous cell carcinoma of the oral mucosa?
Alcohol use, tobacco use and HPV Increase risk of oral cancer with these conditions

121 Histology & Embryology (15 decks)

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