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121 Histology & Embryology > Bone > Flashcards

Bone Flashcards

1
Q

How does the PDL attach to ABP?

A

Via Sharpey’s fibers that get entrapped in ABP upon bone matrix calcification

Extends from ABP to cementum

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2
Q

How does AB react to vertical pressures?

A

Trabeculae resistant to occlusal forces due to specific ladder-like arrangement

Osteoclastic

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3
Q

How does AB react to horizontal pressures?

A

Supporting AB will resorb under horizontal forces

NOT resistant due to increased vascularity and trabeculae arrangement

Osteoblastic

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4
Q

Why do reversal lines occur? What do they look like?

A

Osteoclastic activity ceases during remodeling

Scalloped line

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5
Q

What do arrest lines indicate? What do they look like?

A

Appositional growth of SAB

Smooth line

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6
Q

What does AB development depend on?

A

Tooth bud formation (dental lamina)

Anodontia- prevents formation of alveolar process

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7
Q

What does AB density determine? Which arch is more dense?

A

Route of infection (path of lease resistance)
Efficacy of local anesthesia
Fracture points for 3rd molar extractions

Mandible more dense than maxilla

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8
Q

What effect may occlusal trauma have?

A

Thickening of the lamina dura and SAB

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9
Q

What are the effects of tooth loss?

A

Atrophy of AP due to loss of functional stress
Super eruption/loss of opposing teeth
Loss of vertical dimension
TMJ function

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10
Q

What are some causes of tooth loss?

A 
Aging
Menopause
Osteoporosis
inflammation
Radiation
Bone fractures
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11
Q

What is the purpose of dental implants?

A

Preserve the AP and vertical dimension

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12
Q

What may be a result of calcium/phosphorus deficiencies?

A

Diminished density of bone

Bone becomes brittle (osteoporosis)

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13
Q

What may be a result of vitamin D deficiency?

A

Prevents utilization of dietary calcium
Causes bone malformation and decreases bone calcium

Rickets: soft bones in children
Osteomalacia: Soft bones in adults

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14
Q

What may be a result of vitamin C deficiency?

A

Decreased collagen formation which affects bone matrix formation

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15
Q

What may be a result of vitamin A deficiency?

A

Decreased bone growth

Disrupts normal ratio of osteoblasts to osteoclasts

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16
Q

What bone needs change during pregnancy?

A

Increased need for calcium: fetal development and maintenance of mothers bone tissue

Deficiency will cause loss of calcium from mothers bone tissue and increase osteoporosis risk

17
Q

What is osteoporosis and what causes it?

A

Decrease in bone density weakens bone tissue
Calcium is resorbed or lost systemically, increasing porosity and brittleness

Cause by long term negative calcium balance and/or disuse/lack of exercise

18
Q

What are some treatments for osteoporosis?

A

Calcium/Vit D supplements

Bone forming stimulants–> biphosphonates

Increased physical activity

19
Q

What is periodontitis?

A

Alveolar bone loss along with PDL and cementum

20
Q

What causes initial soft tissue & bone loss of periodontitis?

A

Proteinases

Collagenase degrades collagen (future biomarker for diagnosis)

21
Q

What causes chronic bone loss in periodontitis?

A

Immune response & osteoclast activation

Bioactive agents cytokines and prostaglandins

22
Q

In what order does periodontitis occur?

A

Follows path of least resistance
1st- Affects the alveolar crest
2nd- Affects supporting AB (via Zuckerkandl & Herschfeld) in interdental and interradicular areas

23
Q

Treatments for periodontitis

A

Effective homecare, quadrant scaling & root planing

Laser therapy, bone grafting, platelet rich plasma, GTR, GBR, perio surgery, chlorhexadine, sub-antimicrobial dose doxycycline

24
Q

Clinical presentation of biphosphonate related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ)

A

Severe pain, soft tissue swelling and infection. Loosening teeth, drainage, exposed bone

25
Q

What does BRONJ cause?

A

Destruction of bone with abscess formation (osteomyelitis)

Increased incidence with use of IV biphosphonates
Sometimes w/ oral administration

Occurs after traumatic dental procedures

26
Q

Treatment for BRONJ

A

Oral antibiotics, antimicrobial rinse, local antibiotics

27
Q

What is osteomyelitis?

A

Inflammation of bone and marrow, localized or generalized destruction of bone with abscess formation

28
Q

Cause and treatment of osteomyelitis

A

Caused by bacterial invasion

Treat with antibiotic therapy and surgical drainage of abscess

Appears as radiolucent area w/ fuzzy or indistinct edges

29
Q

What is osteogenic sarcoma? Symptoms?

A

Most common malignant tumor of bone cells

Enlargement of cortical plates

30
Q

What causes osteogenic sarcoma? What are treatments?

A

Possible genetic link to RB1 gene, prior radiation

Treated with surgical resection w/ wide, clear margins and chemotherapy

Will appear with widened PDL space, loss of lamina dura, moth-eaten radiolucent appearance, sunburst pattern on occlusal films

121 Histology & Embryology (15 decks)

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