Bone Flashcards
How does the PDL attach to ABP?
Via Sharpey’s fibers that get entrapped in ABP upon bone matrix calcification
Extends from ABP to cementum
How does AB react to vertical pressures?
Trabeculae resistant to occlusal forces due to specific ladder-like arrangement
Osteoclastic
How does AB react to horizontal pressures?
Supporting AB will resorb under horizontal forces
NOT resistant due to increased vascularity and trabeculae arrangement
Osteoblastic
Why do reversal lines occur? What do they look like?
Osteoclastic activity ceases during remodeling
Scalloped line
What do arrest lines indicate? What do they look like?
Appositional growth of SAB
Smooth line
What does AB development depend on?
Tooth bud formation (dental lamina)
Anodontia- prevents formation of alveolar process
What does AB density determine? Which arch is more dense?
Route of infection (path of lease resistance)
Efficacy of local anesthesia
Fracture points for 3rd molar extractions
Mandible more dense than maxilla
What effect may occlusal trauma have?
Thickening of the lamina dura and SAB
What are the effects of tooth loss?
Atrophy of AP due to loss of functional stress
Super eruption/loss of opposing teeth
Loss of vertical dimension
TMJ function
What are some causes of tooth loss?
Aging Menopause Osteoporosis inflammation Radiation Bone fractures
What is the purpose of dental implants?
Preserve the AP and vertical dimension
What may be a result of calcium/phosphorus deficiencies?
Diminished density of bone
Bone becomes brittle (osteoporosis)
What may be a result of vitamin D deficiency?
Prevents utilization of dietary calcium
Causes bone malformation and decreases bone calcium
Rickets: soft bones in children
Osteomalacia: Soft bones in adults
What may be a result of vitamin C deficiency?
Decreased collagen formation which affects bone matrix formation
What may be a result of vitamin A deficiency?
Decreased bone growth
Disrupts normal ratio of osteoblasts to osteoclasts
What bone needs change during pregnancy?
Increased need for calcium: fetal development and maintenance of mothers bone tissue
Deficiency will cause loss of calcium from mothers bone tissue and increase osteoporosis risk
What is osteoporosis and what causes it?
Decrease in bone density weakens bone tissue
Calcium is resorbed or lost systemically, increasing porosity and brittleness
Cause by long term negative calcium balance and/or disuse/lack of exercise
What are some treatments for osteoporosis?
Calcium/Vit D supplements
Bone forming stimulants–> biphosphonates
Increased physical activity
What is periodontitis?
Alveolar bone loss along with PDL and cementum
What causes initial soft tissue & bone loss of periodontitis?
Proteinases
Collagenase degrades collagen (future biomarker for diagnosis)
What causes chronic bone loss in periodontitis?
Immune response & osteoclast activation
Bioactive agents cytokines and prostaglandins
In what order does periodontitis occur?
Follows path of least resistance
1st- Affects the alveolar crest
2nd- Affects supporting AB (via Zuckerkandl & Herschfeld) in interdental and interradicular areas
Treatments for periodontitis
Effective homecare, quadrant scaling & root planing
Laser therapy, bone grafting, platelet rich plasma, GTR, GBR, perio surgery, chlorhexadine, sub-antimicrobial dose doxycycline
Clinical presentation of biphosphonate related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ)
Severe pain, soft tissue swelling and infection. Loosening teeth, drainage, exposed bone
