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Systemic Disease in Dentistry > Oral Manifestations (2) > Flashcards

Oral Manifestations (2) Flashcards

1
Q

Describe 3 brackets of haematological conditions

A
  1. White blood cell disorders
  2. Red blood cell disorders
  3. Platelet disorders
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2
Q

Name 2 types of white blood cell disorders

A
  1. Decreased production and function of WBC

2. Neoplasms

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3
Q

Name 2 types of red blood cell disorders

A
  1. Polycythaemia

2. Anaemia

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4
Q

Name a type of platelet disorders

A

Thrombocytopaenia

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5
Q

What is leukopenia?

A

Reduced number of white blood cells

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6
Q

What is neutropenia?

A

Absolute reduction in circulating neutrophils

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7
Q

Describe cyclic neutropenia

A
  • Rare
  • May be inherited or spontaneous
  • Episodes of reduced neutrophil production
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8
Q

Describe 5 symptoms of cyclic neutropenia

A
  1. Fever
  2. Malaise
  3. Cervical lymphadenopathy
  4. Infections
  5. Oral ulceration
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9
Q

Name 2 types of white blood cell neoplasms

A
  1. Leukaemia

2. Lymphoma

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10
Q

Name 4 types of leukaemia

A
  1. Acute lymphocytic leukaemia
  2. Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
  3. Acute myeloid leukaemia
  4. Chronic myeloid leukaemia
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11
Q

Name 2 types of lymphoma

A
  1. Hodgkin lymphoma

2. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

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12
Q

Describe leukaemia

A
  • Malignant neoplasms of haemopoietic stem cells
  • Aetiology linked to radiation, chemotherapy and viral issues
  • Uncommon (1/10,000)
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13
Q

Describe 5 symptoms of leukaemia

A
  1. Gingival enlargement
  2. Bleeding
  3. Petechial
  4. Oral ulceration
  5. Lymphadenopathy
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14
Q

Describe lymphomas

A
  • Neoplastic transformations of normal B and T cells in lymphoid tissue
  • More common than leukaemia
  • Painless rubbery lymph node enlargement
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15
Q

Describe the constitutional symptoms of lymphoma

A
  • Headache
  • Pain
  • Dyspnoea
  • Malaise
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16
Q

Describe non-constitutional symptoms of lymphoma

A
  • Lymph node enlargement
  • Soft tissue swellings
  • Radiolucency
  • Alveolar bone loss and swelling
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17
Q

What is anaemia?

A

When haemoglobin level is below normally accepted range

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18
Q

Describe 2 common symptoms of anaemia

A
  1. Fatigue

2. Shortness of breath on exertion

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19
Q

Name 5 types of anaemia

A
  1. Pernicious
  2. Aplastic
  3. Thalassaemia
  4. Megaloblastic
  5. iron deficiency
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20
Q

Describe the diagnosis of anaemia

A

Diagnosed on mean cell volume into:
Normocytic anaemia
Macrocytic anaemia
Microcytic anaemia

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21
Q

Describe 4 oral symptoms of anaemia

A
  1. Mucosal pallor
  2. Atrophic glossitis
  3. Candidiasis
  4. Recurrent oral ulceration
22
Q

What is thrombocytopaenia?

A

Reduced platelet numbers, can either be primary (immune thrombocytopaenia) or secondary (e.g destruction of platelets in kidney)

23
Q

Name 4 characteristic symptoms of thrombocytopaenia

A
  1. Epistaxis
  2. Gingival bleeding
  3. Skin manifestations
  4. Excessive bleeding following surgery
24
Q

Name 6 oral signs of renal disease

A
  1. Bleeding
  2. Dry mouth
  3. Halitosis (smells of nitrogen)
  4. Amyloidosis
  5. Dysguesia (distored taste)
  6. Uremic stomatitis
25
Q

Describe uremic stomatitis

A
  • Rare
  • Found in undiagnosed or untreated chronic renal failure
  • Painful plaques
26
Q

What is lichen planus?

A
  • Chronic inflammatory autoimmune mucocutaneous disease
  • Affects stratified squamous epithelium
  • Lesions on palate, FOM and upper lip uncommon
27
Q

Describe the demographics of lichen planus

A
  • Affects 1-2% population
  • Mainly 5th-6th decade
  • 2F:1M
  • Oral disease lifelong
  • 1-3% risk of malignant transformation
28
Q

Describe reticular lichen planus

A
  • Most common
  • White network of overlapping and connecting lines, papules or plaques
  • Rarely symptomatic
  • 10% gingival involvement
29
Q

Describe erosive lichen planus

A
  • Ulceration within areas of atrophy or hyperkeratosis

- Variable degrees of soreness

30
Q

Describe atrophic lichen planus

A
  • Erythematous lesions
  • Desquamative gingivitis
  • Most common type of gingival lichen planus
31
Q

Name 2 important sub-endothelial vesiculobullous disorders

A
  1. Erythema Multiforme
32
Q

Name an important intra-endothelial vesiculobullous disorder

A

Pemphigus

33
Q

Describe erythema multiforme

A
  • Immune mediated mucocutaneous condition
  • Acute, self-limiting and recurrent
  • Uncommon (<1%)
  • Young adults in 20-30 age group
34
Q

Describe the symptoms of erythema multiforme

A
  • Lips which swell, bleed, crack and crust
  • Irregular superficial ulceration
  • Target lesions
35
Q

Describe mucous membrane pemphigoid

A
  • Immune mediated sub-epithelial blistering disease
  • Full thickness epithelium blister forms painful erosions
  • Uncommon (mainly older women)
36
Q

Describe the oral mucosa found in a person suffering from mucous membrane pemphigoid

A
  • Blisters (rupture, irregular, inflammatory halo)
  • Extensive desquamative gingivitis
  • Affects: Gingiva > Palate > Buccal mucosa > Tongue
  • Bleeding, pain, dysphagia
  • Scarring is rare
37
Q

Describe 4 ways mucous membrane pemphigoid affects the ocular region

A
  1. Conjunctiva
  2. Entropion with trichiasis
  3. Blindness
  4. Symplepharon
38
Q

Describe pemphigus vulgaris

A
  • Potentially life-threatening chronic autoimmune disease
  • Characterised by intra-epithelial blistering of stratified squamous epithelium
  • Most common but also most aggressive
39
Q

Describe 5 clinical features of pemphigus vulgaris

A
  1. Fragile bullae (rupture, ill-defined erosions and ulcers)
  2. Gingival, buccal and palatal lesions
  3. Superficial and painful
  4. Slow to heal
  5. No scarring
40
Q

Describe Behcets disease

A
  • Chronic, relapsing multisystem inflammatory disease
  • Unknown aetiology
  • Prevalent along the ancient “Silk Route”
41
Q

Describe 5 clinical manifestations of Bahcet’s disease

A
  1. Mucocutanous lesions
  2. Ocular
  3. GI
  4. Pulmonary
  5. Neurological
42
Q

Describe rheumatoid arthritis

A
  • Chronic system autoimmune disorder
  • Affects around 1% of population
  • Age of onset 30-50 years
  • Causes symmetrical polyarthritis
43
Q

Describe 5 oral manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis

A
  1. Xerostomia
  2. Ulceration
  3. Glossitis
  4. Angular cheilitis
  5. TMJ involvement (pain, tenderness, swelling)
44
Q

Describe systemic lupus erythematosus

A
  • Multi-system autoimmune disorder
  • 2nd-5th decade
  • 10F:M
  • Afro-Caribbean
  • Type III hypersensitivity reaction
45
Q

Describe 5 common signs of SLE

A
  1. Musculoskeletal signs
  2. Hair loss
  3. Oral involvement
  4. Renal disease
  5. Sun induced skin rashes
46
Q

Describe 6 oral manifestations of SLE

A
  1. Maculopapular rash
  2. Desquamative gingivitis
  3. Oral ulceration
  4. Glossitis
  5. Angular cheilitis
  6. Trigeminal neuropathy
47
Q

Describe scleroderma

A
  • Chronic autoimmune disorder
  • 3rd-5th decade
  • 4F:M
48
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of scleroderma

A
  • Overactive fibroblasts
  • Increased deposition of collagen
  • May be localised, limited diffuse (CREST) or diffuse
49
Q

Describe orofacial features of scleroderma

A
  • Wide eyed appearance
  • Smooth, taut, mask-like facies
  • Facial asymmetry
  • PDL widening
  • Thinning of lips
50
Q

Describe Sjogren’s Syndrome

A
  • Chronic systemic autoimmune disorder involving damage to exocrine glands
  • Primary or secondary forms (RA, SLE and Scleroderma)
51
Q

Describe 6 symptoms of Sjogren’s Syndrome

A
  1. Xerostomia
  2. Xerophthalmia
  3. Soreness of oral mucosa
  4. Dysphagia
  5. Fatigue
  6. Fractures / Carious teeth

Systemic Disease in Dentistry (22 decks)

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