Dermatology Flashcards
Describe 4 reasons why skin disease is relevant to dentists
- Oral or lip conditions which need referral
- Skin disease may distress patients
- Skin cancer is very common and early pick up improves outcomes
- Recognition of disease can improve quality of life
Name 3 common oral conditions
- Stomatitis
- Burning Mouth Syndrome
- Dental Sinus
Name 5 causes of stomatitis
- Infection
- Inflammation
- Contact
- Drugs / Smoking
- Malignancy
Name 3 signs of inflammation of oral mucosa
- Pain
- Stinging
- Soreness
Name 4 signs of stomatitis
- Red patches
- Mouth ulcers
- Blisters
- Swelling
Name 3 infections which cause stomatitis
- Candidiasis
- Enterovirus
- HIV manifestations
Name 3 inflammatory causes of stomatitis
- Apthous ulceration
- IBD
- Lichen Planus
Name a drug which may cause stomatitis
Methotrexate
Name 2 types of malnutrition which may contribute to stomatitis
- Iron
2. Vitamin C
Name 3 types of irritation which may cause stomatitis
- Burns
- Poor hygeine
- Dentures
Describe the clinical symptoms of burning mouth syndrome
- Oral pain
- Abnormal taste
- Dry mouth feeling
- Normal clinical examination
Name 4 organic diseases to rule out when diagnosing burning mouth syndrome
- Malnutrition
- Xerostomia
- Poor dental hygeine
- Systemic conditions
What is a dental sinus?
Channel which develops from a chronic dental abscess intra orally or on facial skin
What is the usual treatment plan for dental sinus?
Extraction and antibiotics, with healing in 1-2 weeks
Name 3 causes of oral pigmentation
- Racial
- Medication
- Irritation and smoking
Describe a type of pigmentation which is important for an onward referral
Asymmetric localized pigmentation
Name 4 types of common lip conditions
- Cheilitis
- Angioedema
- Infections
- Lesions
Name 4 types of cheilitis
- Angular
- Eczematous
- Granulomatous
- Actinic
What is the usual cause of angular cheilitis?
Vitamin defects
What is the usual cause of eczematous cheilitis?
Eczema
What is the usual cause of granulomatous cheilitis?
Linked to inflammatory bowel conditions
What is the usual cause of actinic cheilitis?
Usually linked to UV exposure and increased risk of squamous melanoma
Name 3 infections which may affect the lips
- HSV (Cold sores)
- HHV (Warts)
- Impetigo
Name a vascular lesion affecting the lips
Venous lake
Name 2 pigmented lesions of the lip
- Labial melanocytic macule (freckle - investigate if multiple present)
- Mucosal melanoma
Name 4 common facial skin conditions
- Psoriasis
- Eczema
- Acne
- Rosacea
Name 3 positives effects of sun exposure
- Vitamin D production
- Increased sense of wellbeing
- Increase in physical activity
Name 4 disadvantages of skin exposure
- Sunburn
- Accelerated ageing of skin
- Skin cancer
- Aggravation of some skin disease
Describe the UV index
1-2 - Low Risk (Unlikely to burn any skin)
3-4 - Low to Medium Risk (fair of sensitive skin at medium risk)
5-6 - High risk (majority individuals should use sun protection)
7-8 - High to very high risk (everyone should use sunscreen)
9-10 - Very high risk (individuals with brown / black skin at medium to high)
Name 3 effects of photoageing
- Wrinkles and fragile skin
- Altered pigmentation
- Pre-malignancy and skin cancer
Describe how the skin becomes wrinkled due to photoageing
- Water content in skin is reduced
- Skin thins and flattens
- Reduced collagen and abnormal elastin
Name 2 non-melanomas which may be caused by sun exposure
- Basal cell carcinoma
2. Squamous cell carcinoma
Describe malignant melanoma caused by sun exposure
- Pigmented form of skin cancer
- Potentially fatal
- Early diagnosis is key to survival
- Mucosal melanoma is rare and found on hard palate
Describe the pneumonic used for the early detection of melanoma
A - Asymmetry
B - Boarders (uneven boarders)
C - Colour (dark black or multiple coloured)
D - Diameter (over 6mm)
E - Evolving (change in size, shape or colour)
Name 5 risk factors for melanoma
- Age
- Fair skin types
- Sunburn episode
- UV exposure
- Immunosuppression
Describe sun protection advice
- Avoid burn and frequent exposure
- Slip, Slap, Slop
- Shade between 11 and 3
- Vitamin D replacement
