Oral Disease Flashcards
How do measure dental caries?
DMFT index. Sum of: Decayed Missing Filled.
What can cause mouth ulcers?
Trauma, tumour, infection and systemic disease.
What can cause white patches in the mouth?
Train, infection and immune issues.
What can cause red patches in the mouth?
Vascular, immune or dysplasia.
What is sjorgens syndrome?
Autoimmune disease causing lacrimal and salivary gland dryness.
What oral infections are type II diabetics prone to?
Thrush - acute pseudo membranous candidosis.
What are dental caries?
A dynamic process involving the exchange of calcium and phosphate ions between tooth structures and saliva, in the presence of acids fermented by carbohydrates by oral micro organisms.
What is oral candidosis?
Opportunistic fungal infection of the oral cavity.
What are the different classifications of oral candidosis?
Pseudomembranous, erythematous and hyperplastic.
Can be acute or chronic.
What are the general predisposing factors for oral candidosis?
Extremes of age, diabetes, immunodeficiency, nutritional deficiency (iron) and smoking.
What are the local predisposing factors for oral candidosis?
Antibiotics, dentures, local steroids and xerostomia.
What are investigations for oral candidosis?
Smear, swab and oral rinse.
What is the treatment for oral candidosis?
Identify the cause, oral hygiene, diet and antifungals agents.
What is leukoplakia?
White patch that can’t be characterised as any other disease or associated with chemicals e.g. Smoking or physical damage.
What can cause an intraoral white patch?
Hereditary, smoking, frictional, lichen planus, candida leukoplakia or carcinoma.
What is the malignant potential of an intra oral white patch?
Varies. Some are benign to carcinoma in situ.
1-5% become malignant.
Floor of mouth and ventral tongue more likely to become malignant.
What population of patients are 6 times as likely to have leukoplakia?
Smokers.
How do we investigate leukoplakia?
Biopsy.
Checks for differentiation or presence of other condition.
What is erythroplakia?
Red patch which is much less frequent than a white patch.
Has a much higher risk of cancer and greater dysplasia.
What symptoms do we have with early oral cancers, what do they look like and where are they most commonly found?
Symptomless
Mainly red but can be normal looking mucosa.
Mostly floor of the mouth, tongue and the soft palate.
What are high risk mouth lesions?
Red patches. Speckled areas Ulceration (biopsy of over three weeks) Induration Enlarged lymph nodes Lesions in high risk sites
What type of cancer accounts for 90% of cases?
Squamous cell carcinoma.
