Oral Disease

Question 1

How do measure dental caries?

Answer 1

DMFT index.
Sum of:
Decayed
Missing
Filled.

Question 2

What can cause mouth ulcers?

Answer 2

Trauma, tumour, infection and systemic disease.

Question 3

What can cause white patches in the mouth?

Answer 3

Train, infection and immune issues.

Question 4

What can cause red patches in the mouth?

Answer 4

Vascular, immune or dysplasia.

Question 5

What is sjorgens syndrome?

Answer 5

Autoimmune disease causing lacrimal and salivary gland dryness.

Question 6

What oral infections are type II diabetics prone to?

Answer 6

Thrush - acute pseudo membranous candidosis.

Question 7

What are dental caries?

Answer 7

A dynamic process involving the exchange of calcium and phosphate ions between tooth structures and saliva, in the presence of acids fermented by carbohydrates by oral micro organisms.

Question 8

What is oral candidosis?

Answer 8

Opportunistic fungal infection of the oral cavity.

Question 9

What are the different classifications of oral candidosis?

Answer 9

Pseudomembranous, erythematous and hyperplastic.

Can be acute or chronic.

Question 10

What are the general predisposing factors for oral candidosis?

Answer 10

Extremes of age, diabetes, immunodeficiency, nutritional deficiency (iron) and smoking.

Question 11

What are the local predisposing factors for oral candidosis?

Answer 11

Antibiotics, dentures, local steroids and xerostomia.

Question 12

What are investigations for oral candidosis?

Answer 12

Smear, swab and oral rinse.

Question 13

What is the treatment for oral candidosis?

Answer 13

Identify the cause, oral hygiene, diet and antifungals agents.

Question 14

What is leukoplakia?

Answer 14

White patch that can’t be characterised as any other disease or associated with chemicals e.g. Smoking or physical damage.

Question 15

What can cause an intraoral white patch?

Answer 15

Hereditary, smoking, frictional, lichen planus, candida leukoplakia or carcinoma.

Question 16

What is the malignant potential of an intra oral white patch?

Answer 16

Varies. Some are benign to carcinoma in situ.
1-5% become malignant.
Floor of mouth and ventral tongue more likely to become malignant.

Question 17

What population of patients are 6 times as likely to have leukoplakia?

Answer 17

Smokers.

Question 18

How do we investigate leukoplakia?

Answer 18

Biopsy.

Checks for differentiation or presence of other condition.

Question 19

What is erythroplakia?

Answer 19

Red patch which is much less frequent than a white patch.

Has a much higher risk of cancer and greater dysplasia.

Question 20

What symptoms do we have with early oral cancers, what do they look like and where are they most commonly found?

Answer 20

Symptomless
Mainly red but can be normal looking mucosa.
Mostly floor of the mouth, tongue and the soft palate.

Question 21

What are high risk mouth lesions?

Answer 21

Red patches.
Speckled areas
Ulceration (biopsy of over three weeks)
Induration
Enlarged lymph nodes
Lesions in high risk sites

Question 22

What type of cancer accounts for 90% of cases?

Answer 22

Squamous cell carcinoma.