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1st Year Medicine > CAP and prin. > Flashcards

CAP and prin. Flashcards

1
Q

What antibody is found as a dimer in breast milk, saliva and tears?

A

IgA

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2
Q

What antibody is pentermeric?

A

IgM

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3
Q

What bacteria causes diarrhoea, has a low infecting dose and is the main cause of kidney failure in children?

A

Ecoli 0157

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4
Q

What test would we do in a 55 year old with anaemia, weight loss and early satiety?

A

Gastroscopy.

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5
Q

If asked to differentiate between mild and moderate CAP what would be use?

A

The CURB score criteria e.g. Respiratory rate and urea.

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6
Q

What test would we do in an 82 year old with iron deficiency anaemia, altered bowel habit and severe arthritis?

A

CT colonography.

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7
Q

What does a gram positive cell wall look like?

A

It has a thick wall of peptoglycan.

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8
Q

What is FIFO- atpase and what does it do?

A

Protein component of the inner membrane that transfers energy associated with the proton motive face into high energy phosphate bonds found in ATP.

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9
Q

What kind of bacteria and streptococcus and staphylococcus?

How can we differentiate between them?

A

Gram +ve cocci.

Strep classified by haemolysis.

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10
Q

What do we test for for long term control of diabetes?

A

HbA1C.
It is glycated (joined with sugar - Hb)
Can show what blood sugar has been like over weeks or months.

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11
Q

How do we test for the likelihood of neuropathy in a diabetic?

A

Examination of foot sensation with 10g monofilament.

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12
Q

What is lactic acid a substrate for?

A

Glucogenesis?

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13
Q

What is the classic presentation of achalasia?

A

Unable to perform endoscopy because gullet full of food. One fasted a barium swallow shows dilated oesophagus and bird beak appearance of the GOJ.

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14
Q

What is the management of achalasia?

A

Hellers cardiomyotomy.

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15
Q

What direction is DNA synthesised in?

A

5-3

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16
Q

How is some O2 transported in the blood?

A

Dissolved in the serum.

17
Q

What shape of molecule is Hb?

A

A tetramer.

18
Q

What substance acts on the muscarininc end plate receptor on airway smooth muscle to mediate constriction?

A

Acetylcholine.

19
Q

What substance acts on membrane bound beta 2 adrenoreceptors on airway smooth muscle to mediate relaxation?

A

Adrenaline.

20
Q

What is the most common colorectal cancer?

A

Adenocarcinoma.

21
Q

What is a metabolite of the arachadonic acid pathway released from eosinophils and mast cells which mediates airway smooth muscle constriction, increased vascular permeability and increased mucus production?

A

Leukotrine D4

22
Q

What is the best test for pancreatic function?

A

Faecal elastase.

23
Q

What can be seen with chronic pancreatitis on Xray?

A

Central abdominal calcification.

24
Q

What is steatorrhea?

What causes it and what does it look like?

A

Excess lipids in the stool, causing pale floating stools that are difficult to flush.
Caused by intestinal malabsorption.

25
Q

How can we diagnose coeliac and giardia?

A

OGD and D2 biopsy.

26
Q

What is giardia?

A

Parasite causing diarrhoea.

27
Q

What can cause bacterial overgrowth in the bowel and what test can we do for it?

A

Systemic sclerosis and other things causing bowel stasis.

Can do a glycocholic breath test.

28
Q

What do we use if we need to reverse warfarin quickly?

A

Prothrombin complex concentrate.

29
Q

What is the best treatment to use when patients need multiple clotting factors e.g. In chronic liver disease?

A

FFP.

30
Q

What causes chicken pox and what does it infect?

A

Varicella zostervirus.

Skin and T cells.

31
Q

What is the presentation of chicken pox?

A

Mouth lesions, blisters and lesions on the back of the scalp.

32
Q

What is the most abundant antibody in the blood?

A

IgG

1st Year Medicine (64 decks)

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