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Year 4 small animal > Oral/dental > Flashcards

Oral/dental Flashcards

1
Q

deciduous tooth eruption

A

dog - 3-6weeks
cat 2-8 weeks

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2
Q

permanent tooth eruption

A

3-6 months
check positioning at 5 months

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3
Q

tooth purposes

A

incisors - nibbling/grooming
canines - grabbing/holding
pre-molars - cutting
molars - grinding

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4
Q

what does buccal mean

A

next to cheek

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5
Q

functions of peridontium

A

attach
support
protect

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6
Q

what is CEJ

A

cemento-enamel junction

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7
Q

oral exam equipment

A

periodontal probe
explorer probe
dental chart

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8
Q

what is the periodontal probe used for

A

measure sulcus depth - walk around teeth and check for pockets
press lightly around every tooth

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9
Q

things to look for on dental exam

A

oral mucosa
occlusion
periodontal disease
missing/extra/damage teeth
abscesses/tracts
resorptive lesions
caries
oral masses

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10
Q

gingivitis scoring

A

G0 - no gingivitis
G1 - looks inflamed, doesnt bleed
G2 - bleeds but delayed
G3 - bleeds quickly

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11
Q

furcation scoring

A

involvement of the furcational bone within periodontal disease

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12
Q

indications for dental radiography

A

all masses/lesions
damaged teeth
periodontitis
abscess
resorptive lesions
caries

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13
Q

what does pink pulp mean

A

fresh fracture - inflamed, will be painful

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14
Q

what does black necrotic pulp

A

dead - likely to abscess

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15
Q

what does pulp exposure mean

A

dead tooth

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16
Q

what should you do with an avulsed tooth

A

refer to specialist fast
dont touch root end
can put back in

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17
Q

root canal treatment

A

drill hole
pull pulp through access hole
shape inside of root
fill with root canal filling

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18
Q

care of caries

A

stop bacteria - do filling or remove

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19
Q

peridontal therapy

A

gingivoplasty/gingivectomy
management
tooth salvage
surgey

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20
Q

classes of malocclusion

A

class 1 - dental
class 2 - skeletal maxilla>mandible - overshoot
class 3 - skeletal mandible > maxilla - undershoot

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21
Q

epulides

A

gingival mass
varying malignency
radiograph and biopsy

22
Q

tumours of the oral cavity

A

malignant melanoma/squamous cell carcinoma most common in dogs
squamous cell carcinoma most common in cats
others include - fibrosarcoma, osteosarcoma, multi-lobular osteochondrosarcoma

23
Q

clinical signs of oral tumours

A

presence of mass in oral cavity
increased salivation, blood in saliva, odorous breath
facial swelling, exopthalmus
bloody nasal discharge
loose teeth - can indicate cancer-induced bone loss

24
Q

treatment for oral tumours

A

benign - excised with 1cm margins
malignant - 2-3cm margins
mandibulectomy/maxillectomy
immunotherapy - melanoma

25
Q

oral surgery principles

A

as atraumatic as possible
control haemorrhage - pressure/ligation/electrosurgery
avoid tension - make flaps and support flaps
use appositional sutures - simple interrupted/continuous, horizontal mattress, vertical mattress

26
Q

oral surgical aftercare

A

soft canned food/soaked kibble
limited exercise, analgesia, antibiotics
restrictive collar to prevent trauma

27
Q

oral post op complications

A

incision breakdown
bleeding
increased salivation
mandibular drift
difficulty eating

28
Q

oral surgery prepation

A

scale
flush
polish
disinfect

29
Q

luxation and elevation procedures

A

luxation - aims to breakdown PDL fibres and expand alveolus through cutting
elevation - aims to fatigue PDL fibres and expand alveolus

30
Q

tooth sectioning

A

remove triangle to achieve more appropriate angles work sections out against each other
do not work a tooth against one being left in

31
Q

flap design

A

give plenty of space
do not make in parallel - top of flap should be narrower than bottom
lift with periosteal elevator

32
Q

tooth cutting burr

A

high speed
protects soft tissue/operators eyes
cut towards crown

33
Q

bone cutting burr

A

low speed/irrigant
need to minimise heating

34
Q

flap closure

A

secure bites into gingiva
appositional/everting patterns
reverse cutting needles
monocryl/vicryl
4/0, 5/0

35
Q

commonly used oral suture materials

A

polyglecaprone/glycolide/polygytone - monofilament used to reduce spikey ends in the mouth
glycomer/lactomer - multifilament

36
Q

cleft palate

A

abnormal opening between mouth and nose can be unilateral/bilateral of nose
along roof of mouth - can effect hard/soft palate or both
CS - poor weight gain, breathing difficulties, coughing/gagging when eating/drinking. nasal discharge can include food
Management - palate - often euthanised with breeder, otherwise surgery (skeletally mature ideal but dont want to risk aspiration pneumonia) prone to dehisence

37
Q

what do you want to avoid during palate surgery

A

leaving an air to air interface either side of the closed tissue as more likely to dihiss
overflapping can reduce dehiscence

38
Q

after care for palate surgery

A

antibiotics with pneumonia/nasal infection
collar
soft food
no chew toys
do not breed

39
Q

stick injuries

A

can create oronasal fistula if run into
can use auricular cartilage to support the flap
can take a flap of skin from the cheek or remove flap of lip tissue (have to remove tooth)

40
Q

symphyseal separation

A

try to fit arcades back together
can use dental acrylic across canine to stabilise

41
Q

surgery of the salivary glands

A

sub-mandibular mucocoele - marsupialise and leave open to drain - not always effective
pharyngeal mucocoele - dangerous as can effect airway - remove

42
Q

oropharyngeal stick injuries

A

acute<7 days, chronic >7 days
often observed/obvious
acute CS - oral pain, dysphagia, bloody saliva
chronic CS - cervical swelling +/- discharging tract
radiograph/ultrasound, CT, MRI, endoscopy
care to look around the mouth, check there are not any fragments
leave hole to drain

43
Q

associated issues of stick injuries

A

can stick through pharynx at cranio-oesophageal sphincter - will be lame, can go into thorax
fragments of wood can cause abscesses - fill tracts with saline and scope

44
Q

chronic presentation stick injury management

A

often abscess towards draining tract - inject with contrast and radiograph to find location of foreign body
sometimes cannot see on x-ray, need CT

45
Q

post op stick injury management

A

broad spectrum antibotics - clavulanate amoxicillin/fluoroquinolone, metronidazole
watch for complications - recurrence, pyrexia, neck pain, bacteraemia, nerve damage, dysphagia
dont throw sticks!!

46
Q

gingivitis

A

inflammation of gingiva
caused by bacteria
reversible with plaque removal

47
Q

periodontitis

A

irreversible sequel to gingivitis
pocketing and gingival recession
frequently require extraction
can slow/arrest with plaque removal
pre-disposing factors - underlying disease/immune compromise, locally - plaque/trauma

48
Q

complication of periodental disease

A

local extension - adjacent teeth, abscesses, osteitis, osteomyelitis, stomatitis, ulceration
systemic extension - bacteraemia, dissemination into organ

49
Q

periodontal treatment

A

scaling - debulking of calus - hand scale/forceps or ultrasonic
polishing - removes plaque biofilm
flushing
homecare - brushing daily, chews, dental diets, 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthwash

50
Q

types of scaler

A

hand - difficult, technical and slow
rotary - dont use, destructive
sonic - slow
ultrasonic - fast/efficient but heating

Year 4 small animal (18 decks)

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