oral com Flashcards
exam Q2
beginning or opening a discussion
NOMINATION
happens when the person wants to focus on a certain aspect of the issue or topic being discussed due to certain limiting conditions
RESTRICTION
process by which people decide who takes the conversational floor
TURN TAKING
regulating or manipulating the topic of the conversation and how long we want the other person may talk
TOPIC CONTROL
changing the subject in a conversation, moving from one topic to another
TOPIC SHIFTING
uses verbal and nonverbal signals to end the interaction
TERMINATION
refers to the correction by the speaker of a misunderstood uttterance
REPAIR
is an utterance that a speaker makes to achieve an intended effect
Speech Act
3 Types of Speech Act
- Locutionary
- Illocutionary
- Perlocutionary
the utterance of a meaningful sentence, or what is said literally
Locutionary
the social function of what is said, which refers to the intention of the speaker in relation to the situation
Illocutionary
the effect of what is said to the person it is uttered to, or the characteristic aims of a speech act
Perlocutionary
types of speech delivery
Reading from a Manuscript
Memorized Speech
Impromptu Speech
Extemporaneous Speech
usually used in the formal speech context. The speech is fully written out, usually typed, and not folded but placed in a folder for neatness
Reading from a Manuscript
also speech that is fully written out like the speech that is read from the manuscript.
Memorized Speech
a historical/time approach like from the past to the present
chronological outline
may sound like it is delivered “off-the-cuff” as it were with hardly any preparation because it sounds so spontaneous, or it may also sound like a speech that was fully written out and then memorized, but both are not the case
Extemporaneous Speech
delivered on short notice with little or no preparation
Impromptu Speech
involves a discussion of both cause and effect of an issue
cause and effect outline
principles of speech writing
choosing the topic
analyzing the audience
sourcing the information
outlining and organizing the speech content
outlining and organizing the speech content
chronological outline
spatial/geographical outline
cause and effect outline
problem solution outline
topical outline
going from one place to another, from one direction to another
spatial/geological outline
explains a problem and suggests a possible solution
problem-solution outline
divides the topic into subtopics based on importance or interest value or simply because the topic requires it, for topics that do not fall under any of the previously mentioned outlines
topic outlines
principles of speech delivery
articulation
modulation
stage presence
facial expressions, gestures, and movements
audience rapport
the formation of clear and distinct sounds in speech
articulation
the capability to adjust or manipulate the resonance and timbre of the vocal tone
modulation
the ability to own the stage
stage presence
establishing a connection with the listeners
audience rapport
without these nonverbal elements, the speaker may be judged as boring with flat delivery and unemotional voice
facial expressions, gestures, and movements
helps the speaker deliver the message to the audience and connect with them at a deeper level
audience analysis
