gen chem Flashcards
exam Q2
QUANTUM NUMBERS
PRINCIPAL
AZIMUTHAL
MAGNETIC
SPIN
Describes the energy of an electron and the most probable distance of an electron from the nucleus
SYMBOL (n)
PRINCIPAL QUANTUM NUMBER
Describe the shape of the orbital Also known as Orbital Angular Momentum Quantum Numbers
Symbol: (l)
Azimuthal Quantum Numbers
Describe the energy level in a shell
It explains the effect of an orbital in magnetic field
Ex. The orientation on an orbital
Symbol: ml
Magnetic Quantum Numbers
Refers to the spin of an electron which can either be up or down
Symbol : ms
SPIN QUANTUM NUMBERS
It refers to the magnetic state of an atom with one or more unpaired electrons magnetic dipole moments
Paramagnetic
characterized by paired electrons.
- there is no net magnetic moment,
- the atom cannot be attracted into a magnetic field.
Diamagnetic
very simplified representation of the valence shell electrons in a molecule
Lewis Structure
The tendency of an atom to form bonds until it is surrounded by eight valences electrons
Octet Rule
is a group of atoms that is responsible for the chemical behavior of the molecule
Functional Groups
SUBSTITUENT DERIVED BY REMOVING ONE HYDROGEN FROM ALKANE CHAIN
ALKYL
THE SIMPLEST OF ALL HYDROCARBONS
METHANE IS SIMPLEST OF ALL AKANES
ALKANES
one
alkane
contains an oxygen atom that is bonded to one hydrogen atom and one carbon atom with the
Formula: R-OH
Alcohol
ARE HYDROCARBONS THAT CONTAIN AT LEAST ONE CARBON TO CARBON DOUBLE BOND
ALKENES
CONTAIN ONE OR MORE TRIPLE BONDS BETWEEN NEIGHBORING CARBON ATOMS.
ALKYNES
two
alkene
three
alkyne
consist of an oxygen atom that forms single bonds with two carbon atoms
ethers
has a carbonyl in which the carbdehydeson atom is bonded to at least one hydrogen atom.
ALdehydes
which the carbon atom is bonded to an OH group on one side and either a carbon or hydrogen atom on the other.
Carboxylic Acid
involve a carbonyl in which the carbon atom makes single bonds with two R-groups
Ketones
contain s a carbonyl where the carbon is bonded to one additional oxygen atom and one carbon or or a hydrogen atom
ESTER
consist of a nitrogen atom bonded to hydrocarbons
-organic compounds that contain nitrogen atoms with a lone pair
Amine
-a carbonyl in which the carbon is attached to one nitrogen atom and one carbon or hydrogen
Amide
methane
1
butane
4
propane
3
ethane
2
pentane
5
hexane
6
octane
8
heptane
7
nonane
9
decane
10
is the closest planet to the Sun and the smallest one in the entire
Mercury
Bonding
Venus
has a beautiful name and is the second planet from the Sun. It’s hot and has a poisonous atmosphere
Venus
Structure
Mercury
Electrons
mercury
protons
venus
neutrons
mars
A journey into atomic structure
Exploration
Subatomic
Quantum
Spectrum
actually a cold planet. It’s full of iron oxide dust
mars
exploration
venus
subatomic
mars
quantum
jupiter
the biggest planet in the Solar System
jupiter
Spectrum
Saturn
a gas giant and has several rings
Saturn
Types of molecular geometry
shapes
bonds
angles
geometry
symmetry
sterics
bonds
venus
shapes
mercury
angles
mars
geometry
Jupiter
symmetry
Saturn
the farthest planet from the Sun
Neptune
Atomic spectroscopy
Emission
elements
spectra
energy
anaylsis
Sterics
Neptune
elements
venus
Emission
mercury
spectra
mars
energy
jupiter
analysis
saturn
Jupiter’s rotation period
9h 55m 23s
The Sun’s mass compared to Earth’s
333,000
Distance between Earth and the Moon
386,000 km
percentage of jupiter
45%
percentage of venus
30%
17th century
Atomic theory
5th century
Ancient Greece
percentage of mars
80%
19th century
Subatomic particles
20th century
Quantum mechanics
a gas law that states that a gas’s pressure and volume are inversely proportional.
boyle’s law
formula of boyle’s law
P1V1 = P2V2
who proposed boyle’s law
physicist Robert Boyle
Who proposed the Charles Law?
physicist Jacques Charles
formula of charle’s law
V1 V2
T1 T2
This law describes how a gas expands as the temperature increases; conversely, a decrease in temperature will lead to a decrease in volume
charle’s law
equal volumes of all gases, at the same temperature and pressure, have the same number of molecules.
Avogadro’s law
who proposed avogadro’s law
chemist Amadeo Avogadro
formula of avogadro’s law
V1 V2
N1 N2
