21st century Flashcards
exam Q2
meaning “to sound good.” is a figure of speech commonly used to replace a word or phrase that is related to a concept that might make others uncomfortable.
euphemism
is a literary device that combines words with contradictory definitions to form a new word or phrase.
oxymoron
is a figure of speech in which something is expressed less strongly than would be expected, or in which something is presented as being smaller, worse, or lesser than it really is.
understatement
3 Contextual Reading Approaches
biographical context, sociocultural context, linguistic context
is a literary device that is also known as a “play on words.”
pun
While it is important to know the characters in a literary text, it is also essential for readers to understand the author’s background.
Biographical Context
it is also important to note the year or period it was written. Readers would be able to identify the historical events that took place in that year. We would also find out the roots of an event’s cause and the reasons behind the character’s motives and interests.
sociocultural context
How to write a critical essay
- Create an outline.
- Write an introduction.
- Write your body.
- Conclude your critical analysis.
- Proofread and refine your work.
Being a ____________ means that you do not aim to simply memorize facts and information in the text that you are reading
critical reader
Practically everything we do that is specifically human is expressed in language.” This is why literary texts can be read through the context of the language used to write the text as well as the way language is used in the text. This literary reading adheres to Roland Barthes’s famous maxim, “The author is dead.” Reading through a linguistic context focuses on the language used in the literary work and how it is used to convey meaning.
linguistic context
requires a repeated examination of the text to enable you to improve your comprehension of the text and to identify ideas that you may not have noticed in initial reading.
rereading
different reading texts:
Previewing
Annotating
Contextualizing
Outlining and summarizing
Analyzing
Rereading
Responding
helps prepare your mind for the barrage of information that is to come when you do the actual reading.
previewing
involves highlighting or making notes of important ideas in the text.
annotating
you consider the historical, cultural, or biographical context of the text. Identify the context(s) in which the text was written and determine how this context differs from your own. Keep in mind that your understanding of a particular concept is influenced by these contexts, in the same way that they influence an author’s.
contextualizing
a text deals with examining the information presented to support the author’s argument(s).
analyzing
the text help you identify the main ideas in the text and express them again in your own words.
Outlining and Summarizing
to the text means drawing meaning from what you have read and presenting it in writing or talking about it to others.
responding
is the detailed examination and evaluation of another person’s ideas or work. It is subjective writing as it expresses your interpretation and analysis of the work by breaking down and studying its parts.
critical analysis
a bullet-point outline noting the main points you will make. Think critically about the work you are analyzing and its most important parts when creating your outline. You will refer to your outline throughout the writing process to stay focused.
create an outline
should focus on a single idea. State the idea in the first sentence, then support the idea with examples from the work you are analyzing.
write the body
Write a conclusion that restates your perspective. It should build on the statements in your body paragraphs to bring your critical analysis to a natural stopping point.
conclude your critical analysis
Write a section that introduces your audience to the work you are analyzing and your opinions about it. It should define the original creator’s aim or thesis statement and main ideas, and finish with your thesis statement.
write an introduction
Read through your critical analysis to ensure it sounds as professional as it should. Correct any spelling and grammatical errors and awkward phrasing when you see it.
Proofread and refine your work
Literary techniques and Devices:
Foreshadowing
Deus ex machina
Point of View
In Medias Res
Flashback
is a literary device used to give an indication or hint of what is to come later in the story. a key tool for writers to build dramatic tension and suspense throughout their stories.
foreshadowing
is Latin for “a god from the machine.”
It’s when some new character, force, or event suddenly shows up to solve a seemingly hopeless situation.
Deus ex machina
is what the character or narrator telling the story can see (his or her perspective).
point of view (POV)
the narrator sees only what’s in front of him/her, a spectator of events as they unfold and unable to read any other character’s mind.
limited
as an all knowing god of some kind. He or she sees what each character is doing and can see into each character’s mind.
omniscient
can only see into one character’s mind. He/she might see other events happening, but only knows the reasons of one character’s actions in the story.
limited omniscient
It’s used as a literary term to describe when a story opens with the character already in the middle of things—whether it’s a high octane car chase or a group of friends’ discovery of a dead body, this narrative technique captures the audience’s attention, bringing them front and center into the fray.
in medias res
(sometimes called an analepsis) is an interjected scene that takes the narrative back in time from the current point in the story.
flashback
