Oral cavity lecture Flashcards
what is the purpose of knowing head and neck anatomy? 6
distinguish normal from abnormal
examination procedures (diagnosis)
documentation purposes
radiology procedures
administration of local anesthesia
knowing dental infections
t/f variation from normal should be documented
true, use visualization and palpation
why to know head and neck anatomy (anatomical considerations) for radiology purposes
treatment planning
consistency
film placement: need to know surface anatomy for placement guides at ala tragus and facial midlines during panoramic imaging
what is wong bakers faces pain rating scale
0 - no hurt
2 - hurts a little
4 - hurts little more
6 - hurts even more
8 - hurts whole lot
10 - hurts worse
what are the functions of the oral cavity 7
portal entry to body
aides in digestion and speaking
imaging
provides diagnostics
early warning system
mucosa acts as a barrier
self esteem
what is the Surgeon General’s Report on oral health about
“many systemic diseases and conditions have oral manifestations.”
told healthcare workers and the public ^
teeth grinding can cause:
the enamel to wears down, dentin shows through
what does lack of hard tissue/enamel (superficial covering) tell us
signs and symptoms of disease
lifestyle behaviors: smoking/drugs/teeth grinding
nutritional status
when do we see erosion of teeth?
often seen in patients with EDs like bulimia (chronic vomiting/exposure to stomach acids)
what is anatomical nomenclature
based on the body being in anatomical position; body is erect, arms at the sides, palms and toes facing forward, eyes looking forward
define anterior
posterior
superior
inferior
apex
A- toward the belly (on humans)
P- toward the back (on humans)
S- toward the head
I- toward the feet
apex: the tip of a conical structure
how do we label the tongue surfaces
like an animal
top of the tongue is the dorsal side
bottom of the tongue is the ventral side
sides of the tongue is lateral surface
tip of the tongue is the apex
which plane is always perpendicular to the midsagittal plane
transverse/axial plane
medial
lateral
proximal
distal
closest to midline
farther from midline
close to the point of origin
further from the point of origin
ipsilateral
contralateral
superficial
deep
internal
external
same side of the body
opposite sides of the body
closer to the surface
inward in the body
inside of a hollow structure
outside of a hollow structure
the number of bones in the head and neck is usually ____ but specific details can ____
constant; vary
what needs to be noted; variations in individuals or changes
changes, variations are normal
what are the regions of the head (surface anatomy) 12
frontal > forehead
parietal > top lateral portion of head
occipital > posterior
temporal > near temples
auricular > ear
orbital > eyes
nasal > nose
infraorbital > under the eyes
zygomatic > cheek bone
buccal > cheek
oral > mouth
mental > chin
surface anatomy - what does the frontal region consist of? 3
supraorbital ridge > pain scale visible
glabella > pain scale visible
frontal prominence (skin) > broader in males
don’t get confused with frontal eminence; bony structure in the same area
describe the surface anatomy of the parietal and occipital region
both covered by the scalp and defined by the deeper skull bones
important to palpate during extraoral exams because lesions may be covered by hair
describe the surface anatomy of the auricular region
7
auricle: oval flap of the ear, collects sound waves
external acoustic meatus: tube through which sound waves are transmitted
helix: superior and posterior free margin of auricle
lobule: fleshy protuberance of earlobe, inferior part
tragus: anterior to external acoustic meatus
antitragus: flap of tissue opposite of the tragus
intertragic notch: between tragus and antitragus
