Introduction to Dentitions Flashcards
Parts of Tooth Assessment 5
Dental Charting: graphic representation of the condition of the patient’s teeth observed on a specific date
Care Planning: Using collection of data to formulate comprehensive treatment plan
Communication: Enhanced by accurate documentation
Legal Documentation: Patient’s record is a legal document admissible in court of law
Forensic Uses: Sometimes only means of identification
What teeth types are in each dentition
primary - 20: Incisors (8), Canines (4), Molars (8)
permanent - 32: Incisors (8), Canines (4), Premolars (8), Molars (12)
what are the tooth quadrants and associated tooth numbers
right maxillary quadrant: 1-8
left maxillary quadrant: 9-16
right mandibular quadrant: 25-32
left mandibular quadrant: 17-24
anterior teeth vs posterior teeth
Anterior teeth go from canine to canine
maxillary anterior: 6-11
mandibular anterior: 22-27
posterior teeth go from premolar to molar
maxillary posterior (right): 1-5
maxillary posterior (left): 12-16
mandibular posterior (right): 28-32
mandibular posterior (left): 17-21
what is the tooth designation system for primary/deciduous teeth vs permanent
primary uses letters (A-T)
permanent uses numbers (1-32)
what are the biting surfaces of teeth
anterior teeth (canine to canine): incisal surface
posterior teeth (premolar/molars): occlusal surface
crowns of all teeth have how many surfaces
5
based on the textbook, what are the 5 surfaces of the teeth
facial: labial or buccal
lingual/palatal
masticatory: occlusal or incisal
mesial
distal
facial surfaces can be __ or ____
buccal or labial
buccal surface
surfaces of premolars and molars that are closest to the cheek
labial surface
surface of incisors and canines that are close to the lips
palatal surface
toward the palate, used for maxillary teeth
lingual surface
The surface of the tooth toward the tongue. Used for mandibular teeth (bottom of mouth)
what are the proximal surfaces
mesial: toward the midline
distal: away from the midline
what are the 3 dentition PERIODS
primary dentition: 6 months to 6 years
mixed dentition: 6yrs-12 yrs
permanent dentition: 12 years on
describe primary dentition (7)
begins with the eruption of the mandibular central incisor
ends with eruption of first permanent tooth
20 teeth total
5 per quadrant (2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 molars)
calcification begins 4-5 months in fetal life to 3-4 years after birth
eruption happens in pairs
jaws are growing
describe mixed dentition
begins with eruption of permanent mandibular molar
ends with the loss of the last primary tooth
both primary and permanent teeth in oral cavity
jaws are growing (fastest rate)
awkward stage
what stage are the jaws growing at the fastest rate
mixed dentition
practical application for mixed dentition
tooth color changes > Parents want to know why their kids tooth changed
halitosis
size differences > becomes larger than baby teeth
tooth brush selection
what are the components of permanent dentition 6
begins with loss of last primary tooth
ends with eruption of last permanent tooth
32 total
16 in each arch
begins to calcify after birth until 25 years of age
jaw growth slows down and eventually stops
describe incisors 3
four in each arch, 8 total
designed to bite and cut
lingual fossa shaped as a shovel
describe canines 6
2 in each arch, 4 total
for holding, grasping, piercing, tearing
longest teeth in the mouth from root to crown
cornerstone of the mouth
major influence on ones facial appearance
have one cusp (stated in textbook)
which teeth are the best anchored
canines
describe premolars (5)
4 in each arch, 8 total
AKA bicuspids (usually have 2 cusps)
has occlusal edges
grind food and assist canines in tearing
only found in permanent dentition
t/f premolars are found in primary dentition
FALSE
describe molars (7)
6 in each arch, 12 total
largest and strongest teeth
have 4 or more cusps
grind food
have occlusal edges
posteriorly located
jaw exerts strongest forces onto these teeth
T/F molars look similar to each other
false
describe enamel 4
covers the crown
thickest over the crown, gets thinner toward the cervical line
color: varies with thickness and mineralization, white=thick, yellow=thin
composition: 96% inorganic matter, 3% water, 1% organic matter
describe dentin (5)
what lays superficial to it?
largest portion of the tooth
hard, dense, calcified tissue
softer than enamel, harder than cementum & bone
yellow in color, elastic in nature
Composition: 70% inorganic, 30% organic matter and water
covered by enamel on the crown and cementum on the root
describe the types of dentin (3)
primary dentin: formed before the apex of the tooth is completed
secondary dentin: formed after completion of the apex and will form for the life of the tooth
reparative dentin: laid down in response to caries or trauma
list the components of a tooth from deep to superficial
pulp
dentin
cementum(root) /enamel (crown)
describe cementum 5
covers the root
could be voids that expose dentin
main function is to anchor, attaches tooth to alveolar bone
thinner at cervical line, thickens toward apex
composition: 65% inorganic, 23% organic, 12% water
types of cementum
acellular: covers entire anatomical root
cellular: presents on apical 3rd of root, can reproduce itself
describe pulp functions 4
- nourishing
- sensory
- repairs dentin
- main function to lay down dentin
what is the cementoenamel junction
external line at the neck/cervix of the tooth. separates the enamel of the anatomic crown form the cementum of the anatomic root.
what is the dentinoenamel junction
inner surface of the enamel that meets the dentin.
what is the dentinocemental junction
part where outer line of dentin and inner line of cementum meet.
what is the difference between the anatomic and clinical crown of the tooth
anatomic crown: the actual crown of the tooth that is covered by enamel, remains mostly constant throughout life of tooth, except for presence of attrition and physical wear
clinical crown: the part that you can SEE, above the gingiva, height is determined by the location of the marginal gingiva, can change over time due to recession
when we talk about the crown which are we referring to
anatomic crown
difference between anatomic and clinical root
anatomic: part that is covered by cementum
clinical: part of the root that is visible, can change over time via gingival recession
define eruption
exfoliation
resorption
eruption: moving of a tooth through it’s surrounding tissue (when a tooth pierces the gum)
exfoliation: when you lose a tooth and the roots of the primary teeth are resorbed
resorption: removal of hard tissue/bone
T/F the height of the CEJ curvature is lesser than the mesial side of the tooth than the distal
FALSE, the curvature is GREATER on the mesial side
what is the contact area
interproximal space
part where two adjacent teeth physically touch
gap/space between two teeth
posterior teeth have how many line angles per tooth, name them
8
mesiobuccal, distobuccal, mesiolingual, distolingual, mesio-occlusal, disto-occlusal, bucco-occlusal, and linguo-occlusal
anterior teeth have how many line angles per tooth
6
mesiolabial, distolabial, mesiolingual, distolingual, labioincisal, and linguoincisal
describe roots of the teeth 4
widest at the CEJ and caper towards the apex
have indentations or root concavities
teeth can be single rooted or multiple-rooted with bifurcation or trifurcation
anchored in the alveolar process (alveolus)
define furcation
dividing point of roots of multirooted tooth
bifurcation - tooth with 2 roots
trifurcation- tooth with 3 roots
succedaneous
nonsuccedaneous
permanent teeth with primary predecessors; premolars, canines, incisors
teeth that do not succeed or replace primary teeth; permanent molars
impaction
unerupted or partially erupted tooth that is positioned against another tooth, bone, or even soft tissue so that complete eruption becomes impossible
edentulous
partially edentulous
anodontia
complete loss of teeth
person is missing most of their teeth, not all
absence of a single tooth or multiple teeth due to lack of initiation; was born without it
