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ANAT3004 > Oral Cavity > Flashcards

Oral Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 parts of the oral cavity?

A
  1. Vestibule

2. Oral cavity proper

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2
Q

What is the vestibule?

A

An oral fissure between the lips

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3
Q

Where is the vestibule located?

A

Behind the lips and cheeks and in front of teeth and gums.

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4
Q

What do the cheeks consist of? (6)

A
  1. Mucous membrane
  2. Small buccal salivary glands
  3. Skeletal muscle (buccinator)
  4. Buccal fat pad
  5. Some of the muscles of facial expression
  6. Skin
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5
Q

Where is the buccinator?

A

From outer surfaces of mandible and maxilla, and pterygomandibular raphe to modiolus

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6
Q

What is the anterolateral boundary of the oral cavity proper?

A

Alveolar arches/processes of maxilla and mandible

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7
Q

What is the posterior boundary of the oral cavity proper?

A

Oropharangeal isthmus/fauces bounded laterally palatoglossal folds

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8
Q

What do the palatoglossal folds contain?

A

Palatoglossal muscle

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9
Q

Where do the palatoglossal folds extend?

A

From soft palate to posterolateral tongue

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10
Q

Where are the palatopharangeal folds located?

A

Behind palatoglossal folds with the palatine tonsils in between.

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11
Q

Where do the palatopharangeal folds extend? What do they contain?

A

Extend from palate to thyroid lamina and contain palatopharangeal muscle

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12
Q

What is the roof of the oral cavity proper?

A

Hard palate and soft palate

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13
Q

Waht is the hard palate comprised of?

A

Palatine process of maxilla and horizontal plate of palatine bone

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14
Q

What is the floor of the oral cavity proper? (3)

A
  1. Tongue
  2. Alveolar lingual sulcus (under tongue)
  3. Mylohyoid muscle
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15
Q

The tongue is partly oral and partly pharyngeal in position. True or false

A

True

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16
Q

What special about the root of the tongue?

A

It is where external muscles attach tongue to surrounding structures/

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17
Q

What is the dorsum (upper surface) part of the tongue comprised of?

A

Palatine (oral) and pharyngeal parts with sulcus terminalis and foramen caecum in between

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18
Q

What are the 4 parts of the palatine part of the tongue?

A
  1. Dorsal surface
  2. Alveolar lingular sulcus
  3. Ventral surface
  4. Sides
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19
Q

What does the dorsal surface (upper surface) consist of?

A

Fungiform and filiform lingual papilla, 7-12 vallate papilla

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20
Q

Where are taste buds located?

A

They are located on fungiform, vallate and foliate as well as in the lining of the oral cavity (none on filiform)

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21
Q

What is the alveolar lingual sulcus?

A

The horseshoe shaped cavity which wraps around the attachment of the tongue to the floor of the mouth (“root” of tongue)

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22
Q

What does the alveolar lingual sulcus contain?

A

Sublingual folds

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23
Q

Sublingual salivary glands are deep to the alveolar sulcus. True or false?

A

True

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24
Q

What does the ventral surface (lower surface) consist of?

A
  1. Frenulum in midline
  2. Deep lingual veins lateral to frenulum and fimbriated folds lateral to veins
  3. Sublingual folds and openings of sublingual ducts
  4. Sublingual papillae at base of frenulum and openings of submandibular ducts
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25
Q

What do the sides of the palatine part consist of?

A

Approx 5 foliate papillae on each side

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26
Q

Where is the pharyngeal part of the tongue?

A

From just posterior to vallate papillae to epiglottis

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27
Q

What does the pharyngeal part of the tongue consist of?

A
  1. Valleculae and median and lateral glossoepiglottic folds

2. Lingual tonsils

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28
Q

What are the two types of muscles in the tongue?

A
  1. Intrinsic

2. Extrinsic

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29
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles responsible for? What are the types of intrinsic muscles?

A

Change shape of tongue

Superior and inferior longitudinal; vertical and transcerse

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30
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue responsible for? What are the 4 extrinsic muscles?

A

Move tongue

  1. Genioglossus
  2. Hyoglossus
  3. Styloglossus
  4. Palatoglossus
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31
Q

Where does the genioglossus extend? What action is it responsible for?

A

Mental spine to tongue

Protrusion

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32
Q

Where does hyoglossus extend? What action is it responsible for?

A

Hyoid to side of tongue

Depresses side of tongue, sucking

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33
Q

Where does the styloglossus extend? What action is it responsible for?

A

Styloid process to side of tongue

Tongue up and back during swallowing

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34
Q

What action is the palatoglossus responsible for?

A

Elevates tongue, narrows isthmus

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35
Q

What is the blood supply to the tongue?

A

Lingual artery

Lingual vein

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36
Q

What is the lingual artery a branch of?

A

External carotid

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37
Q

What is the lingual vein a tributary of?

A

Internal jugular

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38
Q

What are the nerves of tongue? What do they innervate?

A

Complex. It relates to the origin of the tongue from four separate pharyngeal arches in embryo

  1. Anterior/oral tongue
  2. Posterior/pharangeal tongue
  3. Intrinsic and extrinsic muscle
  4. Intrinsic salivary glands
  5. Blood vessels
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39
Q

What does each pharyngeal arch have?

A

Its own cranial nerve and adult structures derived from a particular arch also have that innervation

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40
Q

What does the anterior/oral tongue contain?

A

Mucosa and taste buds

41
Q

What is mucosa responsible for sensing? What nerve innervates it?

A 
General sensation (pain, temp etc)
LINGUAL (V3)
42
Q

What are the taste buds/taste responsible for sensing? What cranial nerve?

A 
Chorda tympani (Facial VII)
EXCEPT vallate taste buds
43
Q

What does the posterior/pharangeal tongue contain?

A

Mucosa and taste buds

44
Q

What is responsible for general sensation in the posterior tongue?

A

Glossopharyngeal and vagus

45
Q

What is responsible for special sensation in posterior tongue? What is it innervated by?

A

Vallate taste buds - glossopharyngeal

46
Q

What innervates the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles?

A

Hypoglossal except palatoglossus

Palatoglossus - pharyngeal plexus (glossopharangeal, vagus, sympathetic)

47
Q

What is the intrinsic salivary gland innervated by?

A

Parasympathetic supply from chorda tympani

48
Q

What nerve regulates the blood vessels in the tongue?

A

Sympathetic supply from plexuses on lingual artery

49
Q

How many intrinsic salivary glands are there? Where are they distributed?

A

500-1000 small glands

They are distributed throughout mucosa or submucosa of oral cavity, tongue and upper respiratory tract

50
Q

How is the intrinsic salivary gland connected to the surface?

A

By a short duct.

51
Q

What is the parasympathetic innervation of intrinsic salivary glands?

A

Mostly from hitch hikers on branches of the lingual nerve, palatine salivary glands are supplied by palatine nerves

52
Q

What is the sympathetic innervation of the intrinsic salivary glands?

A

Sympathetic from plexuses on adjacent blood vessels.

53
Q

What does the sensory innervation of the intrinsic salivary glands?

A

Most likely lingual and palatine

54
Q

How many pairs of extrinsic salivary glands are there?

55
Q

What is the size of extrinsic salivary glands?

56
Q

Where are the extrinsic salivary glands located? Where do they drain into the oral cavity?

A

Outside oral cavity

They drain into it via ducts

57
Q

What is the function of the extrinsic salivary glands?

A

Secrete large amount of saliva when eating.

58
Q

What type of gland is the parotid?

59
Q

What type of gland is the sublingual?

A

Mixed mucous and serous

60
Q

Where is the parotid located?

A

Lateral to ramus of mandible and masseter

61
Q

What is the parotid capsule an extension of?

A

Deep cervical fascia

62
Q

What passes through the parotid? (3)

A
  1. External carotid
  2. Retromandibular vein
  3. Facial nerve
63
Q

What does the parotid duct cross? What does it pierce? What does it empty into?

A

Superficial surface of masseter
It pierces buccinator
It empties into oral vestibule above second upper molar

64
Q

What is the parasympathetic innervation of the parotid gland?

A

Parasympathetic fibres from glossopharyngeal via auriculotemporal nerve

65
Q

What is the sympathetic innervation of the parotid gland?

A

Sympathetic from external carotid plexus

66
Q

What is the sensory innervation of the parotid gland?

A

Greater auricular branch of the cervical plexus and auriculotemporal nerves

67
Q

Where is the submandibular gland located?

A

Medial to body of mandible

68
Q

Where does the duct open into?

A

Sublingual papilla (oral cavity proper)

69
Q

Where is the sublingual gland located?

A

Between oral mucosa and mylohyoid in sublingual fossa on lingual side of mandible

70
Q

How many ducts open into sublingual fold? Where may a few open into?

A

8-20

A few may open into submandibular duct as well

71
Q

What is the parasympathetic innervation for the submandibular and sublingual glands?

A

Chorda tympani

72
Q

What is the sympathetic innervation for the submandibular and sublingual glands?

A

Sympathetic trunk

73
Q

What is the sensory innervation for the submandibular and sublingual glands?

A

Sensory from lingual branch of V3.

74
Q

What bones form the hard palate?

A
  1. Palatine process of maxilla

2. Horizontal plate of palatine bone

75
Q

What comprises the mucosa of the hard palate?

A
  1. Median raphe
  2. Transverse folds anteriorly
  3. Smooth posteriorly
76
Q

What is within the soft palate?

A
  1. Aponeuroses of tensor palati and palatal muscles superiorly
  2. Muscle
  3. Fat
    4, Glands
  4. Oral mucosa inferiorly
77
Q

What are the muscles of the palate? (5)

A
  1. Levator palati
  2. Tensor palati
  3. Palatoglossus
  4. Palatopharyngeus
  5. Uvular muscles
78
Q

Where does the levator palati extend? What is its function?

A

Medial auditory tube to palatal aponeurosis

Raises palate

79
Q

Where does the tensor palati extend? What is the function of the tensor palati?

A

Scaphoid fossa, sphenoid bone and lateral wall of cartilagenous auditory tube to hamulus to form palatal aponeurosis.
Tenses palate

80
Q

Where does the tendon of the tensor palati eventually travel?

A

The tendon turns medially around hamulus and inserts into/becomes palatal aponeurosis

81
Q

Where does the palatoglossus extend? What is its function?

A

Soft palate to tongue

Depresses palate and elevates root of tongue

82
Q

Where does the palatopharangeus extend? What is its function?

A

Soft palate to thyroid cartilage of larynx

Depresses palate

83
Q

Where does it extend? What does it assist?

A

Extends from posterior nasal spine and palatal aponeurosis to uvula
Assists levator palati in palatopharyngeal closure

84
Q

What nerve is responsible for innervating palate? What is the exception?

A 
Pharyngeal plexus (vagus, glossopharyngeal, sympathetic trunk)
Except tensor palati which is innervated by a branch of the medial pterygoid branch of V3
85
Q

How do we locate the hypoglossal nerve? Where does the hypoglossal nerve pass between

A
  1. Hypoglossal canal
  2. Deep to intermediate tendon of digastric.
  3. Hypoglossal nerve then passes between hypoglossus and mylohyoid muscles to enter tongue.
86
Q

What is the function of the hypoglossal nerve?

A
  1. Motor to muscles of tongue except palatoglossus

2. Partly supplies geniohyoid and thyrohyoid muscles in neck (main supply is the cervical ventral rami)

87
Q

Where does the first cervical nerve travel with? Where does it separate?

A

Travels with the hypoglossal before separating from it as the superior root of ansa cervicalis.

88
Q

How do you locate the glossopharyngeal nerve? Where does it leave the skull?

A

Passes between the superior and middle pharyngeal constrictors with stylopharyngeus muscle (definitive feature)
Leaves skull via jugular foramen

89
Q

What is the function of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

Motor to stylopharyngeus

90
Q

What does the glossopharyngeal innervate parasympathetically?

A

Secretomotor to parotid

91
Q

What is the parasympathetic otic ganglion immediately below?

A

Foramen ovale

92
Q

How do the preganglionic parasymapthetic fibres from the glossopharyngeal nerve reach otic ganglion?

A

Via a circutous route

93
Q

What sensory innervation does the glossopharyngeal nerve provide? (5)

A
  1. Tympanic cavity (general sensation and parasympathetic)
  2. Naso and oropharynx (general sensation)
  3. Soft palate (General sensation)
  4. Posterior third of tongue (General and special sensation - taste)
  5. Carotid sinus and carotid body (General sensation)
94
Q

What is the otic ganglion?

A

Parasympathetic ganglion of glossopharyngeal nerve

95
Q

Where is otic ganglion?

A

Some distance from glossopharyngeal nerve and actually just posterior to the trunk of the mandibular nerve

96
Q

How do the parasympathetic fibres from the glossopharyngeal nerve reach the otic ganglion?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve gives off tympanic branch which enters the skull via a small opening called tympanic canaliculus - between carotid canal and jugular foramen

97
Q

What does the tympani nerve have a branch for?

A

Has a branch which supplies:

  1. Mucosa of middle ear
  2. Auditory tube
  3. Mastoid air cells
  4. Lesser petrosal nerve which passes through bone, onto floor of middle cranial fossa, into foramen ovale to synapse on the otic ganglion
98
Q

What does the otic ganglion send several small parasympathetic branches to? Where does it deliver it too?

A

Adjacent auriculotemporal nerve which delivers them to parotid

ANAT3004 (12 decks)

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