Oral Cavity Flashcards
1
Q
What are the 2 parts of the oral cavity?
A
- Vestibule
2. Oral cavity proper
2
Q
What is the vestibule?
A
An oral fissure between the lips
3
Q
Where is the vestibule located?
A
Behind the lips and cheeks and in front of teeth and gums.
4
Q
What do the cheeks consist of? (6)
A
- Mucous membrane
- Small buccal salivary glands
- Skeletal muscle (buccinator)
- Buccal fat pad
- Some of the muscles of facial expression
- Skin
5
Q
Where is the buccinator?
A
From outer surfaces of mandible and maxilla, and pterygomandibular raphe to modiolus
6
Q
What is the anterolateral boundary of the oral cavity proper?
A
Alveolar arches/processes of maxilla and mandible
7
Q
What is the posterior boundary of the oral cavity proper?
A
Oropharangeal isthmus/fauces bounded laterally palatoglossal folds
8
Q
What do the palatoglossal folds contain?
A
Palatoglossal muscle
9
Q
Where do the palatoglossal folds extend?
A
From soft palate to posterolateral tongue
10
Q
Where are the palatopharangeal folds located?
A
Behind palatoglossal folds with the palatine tonsils in between.
11
Q
Where do the palatopharangeal folds extend? What do they contain?
A
Extend from palate to thyroid lamina and contain palatopharangeal muscle
12
Q
What is the roof of the oral cavity proper?
A
Hard palate and soft palate
13
Q
Waht is the hard palate comprised of?
A
Palatine process of maxilla and horizontal plate of palatine bone
14
Q
What is the floor of the oral cavity proper? (3)
A
- Tongue
- Alveolar lingual sulcus (under tongue)
- Mylohyoid muscle
15
Q
The tongue is partly oral and partly pharyngeal in position. True or false
A
True
16
Q
What special about the root of the tongue?
A
It is where external muscles attach tongue to surrounding structures/
17
Q
What is the dorsum (upper surface) part of the tongue comprised of?
A
Palatine (oral) and pharyngeal parts with sulcus terminalis and foramen caecum in between
18
Q
What are the 4 parts of the palatine part of the tongue?
A
- Dorsal surface
- Alveolar lingular sulcus
- Ventral surface
- Sides
19
Q
What does the dorsal surface (upper surface) consist of?
A
Fungiform and filiform lingual papilla, 7-12 vallate papilla
20
Q
Where are taste buds located?
A
They are located on fungiform, vallate and foliate as well as in the lining of the oral cavity (none on filiform)
21
Q
What is the alveolar lingual sulcus?
A
The horseshoe shaped cavity which wraps around the attachment of the tongue to the floor of the mouth (“root” of tongue)
22
Q
What does the alveolar lingual sulcus contain?
A
Sublingual folds
23
Q
Sublingual salivary glands are deep to the alveolar sulcus. True or false?
A
True
24
Q
What does the ventral surface (lower surface) consist of?
A
- Frenulum in midline
- Deep lingual veins lateral to frenulum and fimbriated folds lateral to veins
- Sublingual folds and openings of sublingual ducts
- Sublingual papillae at base of frenulum and openings of submandibular ducts
25
What do the sides of the palatine part consist of?
Approx 5 foliate papillae on each side
26
Where is the pharyngeal part of the tongue?
From just posterior to vallate papillae to epiglottis
27
What does the pharyngeal part of the tongue consist of?
1. Valleculae and median and lateral glossoepiglottic folds
| 2. Lingual tonsils
28
What are the two types of muscles in the tongue?
1. Intrinsic
| 2. Extrinsic
29
What are the intrinsic muscles responsible for? What are the types of intrinsic muscles?
Change shape of tongue
| Superior and inferior longitudinal; vertical and transcerse
30
What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue responsible for? What are the 4 extrinsic muscles?
Move tongue
1. Genioglossus
2. Hyoglossus
3. Styloglossus
4. Palatoglossus
31
Where does the genioglossus extend? What action is it responsible for?
Mental spine to tongue
| Protrusion
32
Where does hyoglossus extend? What action is it responsible for?
Hyoid to side of tongue
| Depresses side of tongue, sucking
33
Where does the styloglossus extend? What action is it responsible for?
Styloid process to side of tongue
| Tongue up and back during swallowing
34
What action is the palatoglossus responsible for?
Elevates tongue, narrows isthmus
35
What is the blood supply to the tongue?
Lingual artery
| Lingual vein
36
What is the lingual artery a branch of?
External carotid
37
What is the lingual vein a tributary of?
Internal jugular
38
What are the nerves of tongue? What do they innervate?
Complex. It relates to the origin of the tongue from four separate pharyngeal arches in embryo
1. Anterior/oral tongue
2. Posterior/pharangeal tongue
3. Intrinsic and extrinsic muscle
4. Intrinsic salivary glands
5. Blood vessels
39
What does each pharyngeal arch have?
Its own cranial nerve and adult structures derived from a particular arch also have that innervation
40
What does the anterior/oral tongue contain?
Mucosa and taste buds
41
What is mucosa responsible for sensing? What nerve innervates it?
```
General sensation (pain, temp etc)
LINGUAL (V3)
```
42
What are the taste buds/taste responsible for sensing? What cranial nerve?
```
Chorda tympani (Facial VII)
EXCEPT vallate taste buds
```
43
What does the posterior/pharangeal tongue contain?
Mucosa and taste buds
44
What is responsible for general sensation in the posterior tongue?
Glossopharyngeal and vagus
45
What is responsible for special sensation in posterior tongue? What is it innervated by?
Vallate taste buds - glossopharyngeal
46
What innervates the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles?
Hypoglossal except palatoglossus
| Palatoglossus - pharyngeal plexus (glossopharangeal, vagus, sympathetic)
47
What is the intrinsic salivary gland innervated by?
Parasympathetic supply from chorda tympani
48
What nerve regulates the blood vessels in the tongue?
Sympathetic supply from plexuses on lingual artery
49
How many intrinsic salivary glands are there? Where are they distributed?
500-1000 small glands
| They are distributed throughout mucosa or submucosa of oral cavity, tongue and upper respiratory tract
50
How is the intrinsic salivary gland connected to the surface?
By a short duct.
51
What is the parasympathetic innervation of intrinsic salivary glands?
Mostly from hitch hikers on branches of the lingual nerve, palatine salivary glands are supplied by palatine nerves
52
What is the sympathetic innervation of the intrinsic salivary glands?
Sympathetic from plexuses on adjacent blood vessels.
53
What does the sensory innervation of the intrinsic salivary glands?
Most likely lingual and palatine
54
How many pairs of extrinsic salivary glands are there?
3
55
What is the size of extrinsic salivary glands?
Large
56
Where are the extrinsic salivary glands located? Where do they drain into the oral cavity?
Outside oral cavity
| They drain into it via ducts
57
What is the function of the extrinsic salivary glands?
Secrete large amount of saliva when eating.
58
What type of gland is the parotid?
Serous
59
What type of gland is the sublingual?
Mixed mucous and serous
60
Where is the parotid located?
Lateral to ramus of mandible and masseter
61
What is the parotid capsule an extension of?
Deep cervical fascia
62
What passes through the parotid? (3)
1. External carotid
2. Retromandibular vein
3. Facial nerve
63
What does the parotid duct cross? What does it pierce? What does it empty into?
Superficial surface of masseter
It pierces buccinator
It empties into oral vestibule above second upper molar
64
What is the parasympathetic innervation of the parotid gland?
Parasympathetic fibres from glossopharyngeal via auriculotemporal nerve
65
What is the sympathetic innervation of the parotid gland?
Sympathetic from external carotid plexus
66
What is the sensory innervation of the parotid gland?
Greater auricular branch of the cervical plexus and auriculotemporal nerves
67
Where is the submandibular gland located?
Medial to body of mandible
68
Where does the duct open into?
Sublingual papilla (oral cavity proper)
69
Where is the sublingual gland located?
Between oral mucosa and mylohyoid in sublingual fossa on lingual side of mandible
70
How many ducts open into sublingual fold? Where may a few open into?
8-20
| A few may open into submandibular duct as well
71
What is the parasympathetic innervation for the submandibular and sublingual glands?
Chorda tympani
72
What is the sympathetic innervation for the submandibular and sublingual glands?
Sympathetic trunk
73
What is the sensory innervation for the submandibular and sublingual glands?
Sensory from lingual branch of V3.
74
What bones form the hard palate?
1. Palatine process of maxilla
| 2. Horizontal plate of palatine bone
75
What comprises the mucosa of the hard palate?
1. Median raphe
2. Transverse folds anteriorly
3. Smooth posteriorly
76
What is within the soft palate?
1. Aponeuroses of tensor palati and palatal muscles superiorly
2. Muscle
3. Fat
4, Glands
5. Oral mucosa inferiorly
77
What are the muscles of the palate? (5)
1. Levator palati
2. Tensor palati
3. Palatoglossus
4. Palatopharyngeus
5. Uvular muscles
78
Where does the levator palati extend? What is its function?
Medial auditory tube to palatal aponeurosis
| Raises palate
79
Where does the tensor palati extend? What is the function of the tensor palati?
Scaphoid fossa, sphenoid bone and lateral wall of cartilagenous auditory tube to hamulus to form palatal aponeurosis.
Tenses palate
80
Where does the tendon of the tensor palati eventually travel?
The tendon turns medially around hamulus and inserts into/becomes palatal aponeurosis
81
Where does the palatoglossus extend? What is its function?
Soft palate to tongue
| Depresses palate and elevates root of tongue
82
Where does the palatopharangeus extend? What is its function?
Soft palate to thyroid cartilage of larynx
| Depresses palate
83
Where does it extend? What does it assist?
Extends from posterior nasal spine and palatal aponeurosis to uvula
Assists levator palati in palatopharyngeal closure
84
What nerve is responsible for innervating palate? What is the exception?
```
Pharyngeal plexus (vagus, glossopharyngeal, sympathetic trunk)
Except tensor palati which is innervated by a branch of the medial pterygoid branch of V3
```
85
How do we locate the hypoglossal nerve? Where does the hypoglossal nerve pass between
1. Hypoglossal canal
2. Deep to intermediate tendon of digastric.
3. Hypoglossal nerve then passes between hypoglossus and mylohyoid muscles to enter tongue.
86
What is the function of the hypoglossal nerve?
1. Motor to muscles of tongue except palatoglossus
| 2. Partly supplies geniohyoid and thyrohyoid muscles in neck (main supply is the cervical ventral rami)
87
Where does the first cervical nerve travel with? Where does it separate?
Travels with the hypoglossal before separating from it as the superior root of ansa cervicalis.
88
How do you locate the glossopharyngeal nerve? Where does it leave the skull?
Passes between the superior and middle pharyngeal constrictors with stylopharyngeus muscle (definitive feature)
Leaves skull via jugular foramen
89
What is the function of the glossopharyngeal nerve?
Motor to stylopharyngeus
90
What does the glossopharyngeal innervate parasympathetically?
Secretomotor to parotid
91
What is the parasympathetic otic ganglion immediately below?
Foramen ovale
92
How do the preganglionic parasymapthetic fibres from the glossopharyngeal nerve reach otic ganglion?
Via a circutous route
93
What sensory innervation does the glossopharyngeal nerve provide? (5)
1. Tympanic cavity (general sensation and parasympathetic)
2. Naso and oropharynx (general sensation)
3. Soft palate (General sensation)
4. Posterior third of tongue (General and special sensation - taste)
5. Carotid sinus and carotid body (General sensation)
94
What is the otic ganglion?
Parasympathetic ganglion of glossopharyngeal nerve
95
Where is otic ganglion?
Some distance from glossopharyngeal nerve and actually just posterior to the trunk of the mandibular nerve
96
How do the parasympathetic fibres from the glossopharyngeal nerve reach the otic ganglion?
Glossopharyngeal nerve gives off tympanic branch which enters the skull via a small opening called tympanic canaliculus - between carotid canal and jugular foramen
97
What does the tympani nerve have a branch for?
Has a branch which supplies:
1. Mucosa of middle ear
2. Auditory tube
3. Mastoid air cells
4. Lesser petrosal nerve which passes through bone, onto floor of middle cranial fossa, into foramen ovale to synapse on the otic ganglion
98
What does the otic ganglion send several small parasympathetic branches to? Where does it deliver it too?
Adjacent auriculotemporal nerve which delivers them to parotid
