Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ANAT3004 > Musculoskeletal structure of the neck, accessory nerve > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal structure of the neck, accessory nerve Flashcards

1
Q

What does the hyoid bone consist of? Which bones are paired?

A
  1. Body
  2. 2x Greater horn
  3. 2x Lesser horn
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Compared to the lesser horn the greater horn is INFERIOR and LARGER. True or False?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The greater horn has a FIBROUS joint with the body. True or False?

A

False, it has a CARTILAGENOUS joint with the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The lesser horn has a FIBROUS joint with the body. True or False?

A

True.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where does the LESSER horn PROJECT?

A

Above the junction of the BODY and GREATER HORN.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the HYOID attached to? (5) (MITSS)

A
  1. Middle pharyngeal constrictors
  2. Intermediate tendon of digastric
  3. Thyrohyoid membrane
  4. Strap muscles of neck
  5. Stylohyoid ligament
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the strap muscles of the neck?

A

Supra and infrahyoid muscles of neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where is the thyrohyoid membrane located?

A

Between the hyoid bone and upper thyroid cartilage of larynx.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How does the intermediate tendon of digastric attach to the hyoid?

A

via a fibrous sling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What muscles define the triangles of the neck? (4) (TODS)

A
  1. Trapezius
  2. Omohyoid
  3. Digastric
  4. Sternoceidomastoid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The anterior triangle is actually a PAIR of triangles. True or False?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the boundaries of the anterior triangle?

A
  1. Sternocleidomastoid
  2. Mandible
  3. Midline
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the subdivisions of the anterior triangle? (3)

A
  1. Digastric/submandibular triangle
  2. Carotid triangle
  3. Muscular triangle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the boundaries of the digastric/submandibular triangle?

A

Anterior and posterior belly and intermediate tendon of digastric muscle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What structure is contained within the digastric/submandibular triangle?

A

Submandibular gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the boundaries of carotid triangle?

A
  1. Sternocleidomastoid
  2. Posterior belly of digastric
  3. Superior belly of omohyoid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What structures are contained within the carotid triangle?

A
  1. Neurovascular bundle of neck

2. Carotid, Internal Jugular, Vagus - Within carotid sheath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the boundaries of the muscular triangle

A
  1. Midline
  2. Superior belly of omohyoid
  3. Interior SCM
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What structures are contained within the muscular triangle?

A
  1. Infrahyoid muscles

2. Thyroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What muscles form the boundaries of the posterior triangle?

A
  1. SCM
  2. Trapezius
  3. Clavicle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the posterior triangle crossed by?

A

Inferior belly of omohyoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What does the posterior triangle consist of? (2)

A
  1. Roof

2. Floor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The roof of the posterior triangle is the DEEPEST and most MEDIAL part and is SUPERFICIAL to cervical fascia (connective tissue). True or False?

A

False. The roof of the posterior triangle is the most SUPERFICIAL and LATERAL part and is DEEP to cervical fascia (connective tissue).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The floor of the posterior triangle is the most MEDIAL part. True or False?

A

True.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What does the floor of the posterior triangle consist of?

A

Fascia + Muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

After the removal of fascia from the posterior triangle what muscles can be identified?

A
  1. Scalenus anterior, medius and posterior
  2. Levator scapulae
  3. Splenius capitus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are the subdivision of the posterior triangle?

A
  1. Occipital triangle

2. Supraclavicular triangle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Where is the occipital triangle located?

A

Above the omohyoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What structures does the occipital triangle contain?

A
  1. Upper deep cervical lymph nodes

2. Accessory nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Where is the supraclavicular triangle located?

A

Below the omohyoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What does the supraclavicular triangle contain?

A

Contains subclavian artery and vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What are the superficial muscles of the anterolateral neck? (4) (STOD)

A
  1. Sternocleidomastoid
  2. Trapezius
  3. Omohyoid
  4. Digastric
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Where does the SCM extend?

A

From the manubrium and medial 1/3 of clavicle to anterolateral mastoid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What actions are the SCM responsible for? (On its own and together)

A

On its own: Tilts and rotates head

Together: Flex head and raise sternum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Where does the trapezius extend?

A

External occipital protuberence and superior nuchal line to T12 in the midline; laterally to lateral clavicle and acromium.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What actions is the trapezius responsible for?

A
  1. Pulls shoulders back
  2. Rotates shoulder
  3. Raises arm
  4. Head extension on neck
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What nerve innervates the motor function of the SCM and trapezius?

A

Accessory nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Where is the accessory nerve located?

A

Deep to both the SCM and trapezius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What nerve innervates the sensory function of the SCM and trapezius?

A

Ventral cervical rami (C2 - C4)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What does the ventral cervical rami (C2 - C4) travel with?

A

Accessory nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Where is the anterior belly of digastric located?

A

Anterior belly attached to digastric fossa on inferior mandible near midline.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Where does the intermediate tendon of digastric run?

A

Through a fibrous sling attached to body and greater horn of the hyoid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What is the fibrous sling lined with and what does it contain?

A

Synovial membrane and contains synovial fluid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What does the intermediate tendon of digastric pierce?

A

Stylohyoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What does the stylohyoid attached to?

A

Styloid process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What is the posterior belly of digastric attached to?

A

Mastoid notch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Where is the mastoid notch in relation to the mastoid process?

A

Medial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What action are the digastric muscles responsible for?

A

Depresses mandible and elevates hyoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What nerves innervate the posterior belly of digastric?

A

Facial nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

What nerve innervates the anterior belly of digastric?

A

Mylohyoid nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Where does the superior belly of omohyoid extend?

A

Body of hyoid to intermediate tendon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Where does the inferior belly of omohyoid extend?

A

Intermediate tendon to upper border of the scapula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

What is the intermediate tendon of the omohyoid attached to? How is it attached?

A

Clavicle and rib 1

It is attached by a fascial sling

54
Q

What action is the omohyoid muscle responsible for?

A

Depresses the hyoid, tenses deep cervical fascia during prolonged inspiration.

55
Q

What nerve innervates the omohyoid?

A

Ventral branches of cervical nerves (ansa cervicalis) - sensory and motor

56
Q

What does the SCM delineate?

A
  1. Triangles of neck

2. Superficial and deep lymph nodes

57
Q

What are the features lateral to the SCM? (GELT)

A
  1. Greater auricular nerve
  2. External jugular
  3. Lesser occipital nerve
  4. Transverse cutaneous nerve of neck
58
Q

What structures are deep to and supplies the SCM?

A
  1. Accessory nerve

2. Intermediate tendon omohyoid

59
Q

Where is the hypoglossal nerve located?

A

It is deep to the intermediate tendon of digastric.

60
Q

What is below, behind and above the posterior belly of digastric?

A

Ascending pharyngeal artery (below) from occipital (behind) from posterior auricular artery (above)

61
Q

What does the posterior belly of digastric have a close association with?

A

Stylohyoid

62
Q

Where are the jugulodigastric nodes located?

A

Deep/just inferior to posteiror belly of digastric

63
Q

What does the omohyoid muscle divide? (2)

A
  1. Muscular and carotid triangle in the anterior triangle

2. Divides posterior triangle into occipital and supraclavicular

64
Q

What are the two components of the accessory nerve?

A
  1. Cranial root

2. Spinal accessory

65
Q

Where does the cranial root of the accessory nerve arise? Where does it emerge?

A

Arises in the hindbrain and emerges from the brain close to vagus

66
Q

What does the cranial root of the accessory nerve collect? Where does it enter after that?

A

It collects the spinal root and enters jugular foramen

67
Q

What is the spinal accessory component of the accessory nerve responsible for?

A

Motor and sensory

68
Q

Where does the spinal accessory arise from? Where does it enter? What does it join with? Where does it ultimately enter?

A

Arises from cervical spinal cord and enters via the foramen magnum. It joins the cranial roots and enters the jugular foramen.

69
Q

The accessory nerve transverses the foramen as a SINGLE entity. True or false?

A

True.

70
Q

Where does the cranial root separate from the spinal root?

A

Outside the jugular foramen

71
Q

Where does the cranial root join the vagus?

A

Just below the jugular foramen.

72
Q

What do cranial accessory fibres running with the branches of the vagus supply? (3)

A

Voluntary muscles of pharynx, larynx and soft palate.

73
Q

Where does the spinal part of the accessory nerve pass??

A

Under the SCM, across the floor of posterior triangle and under trapezius.

74
Q

What is the spinal accessory nerve motor to?

A

SCM and trapezius.

75
Q

What are the three muscles that make up the lateral vertebral muscles?

A
  1. Scalenus anterior
  2. Scalenus medius
  3. Scalenus posterior
76
Q

Where is the scalenus anterior located?

A

Upper cervical transverse processes to attach to 1st rib between grooves for subclavian artery and vein.

77
Q

What is anterolateral to the scalenus anterior?

A

Phrenic nerve

78
Q

What separates the scalenus anterior and medius?

A

Subclavian artery and brachial plexus

79
Q

Where is the scalenus medius located?

A

Transverse processes of all cervical vertebra to rib 1 behind groove for subclavian artery.

80
Q

Where is the scalenus posterior located?

A

Posterior part of scalenus medius to rib 2

81
Q

What are the functions of the scalene muscles?

A

Elevate ribs

Lateral flexors of the neck

82
Q

What are the prevertebral muscles?

A
  1. Longus colli
  2. Longus capitus
  3. Rectus capitus anterior
  4. Rectus capitus lateralis
83
Q

Where is the longus colli located?

A

Medial

Atlas to T3

84
Q

Where is the longus capitus located? What does it overlie?

A

Lateral

Base of skull to transverse processes of C3-6. It overlies upper scalene muscles

85
Q

Where is the rectus capitus anterior located? What is it behind?

A

Medial
Atlas to base of skull
It is behind the longus capitus

86
Q

Where is the rectus capitus lateralis located?

A

Lateral

Transverse processes of atlas to base of the skull

87
Q

What actions are the prevertebral muscles responsible for?

A

Flex the neck and head on neck

88
Q

What are the lateral and prevertebral muscles all innervated by?

A

Cervical ventral rami

89
Q

What is the first layer of the post vertebral muscles?

A

Trapezius

90
Q

Where are the suprahyoid muscles located?

A

Above the hyoid

91
Q

What are the suprahyoid muscles comprised of?

A
  1. Geniohyoid
  2. Mylohyoid
  3. Digastric
  4. Stylohyoid
92
Q

Where does the geniohyoid extend?

A

Mental spine to hyoid

93
Q

What is the genioglossus and geniohyoid separated by?

A

Fascial plane

94
Q

What innervates the geniohyoid?

A

Branches of cervical spinal nerve

95
Q

Where is mylohyoid located?

A

Mylohyoid line on mandible to hyoid.

Inferior to geniohyoid

96
Q

What is the mylohyoid innervated by?

A

Mylohyoid nerve

97
Q

Where is the anterior belly of digastric located? What is it innervated by?

A

Digastric fossae of mandible to intermediate tendon

Mylohyoid nerve

98
Q

Where is the posterior belly of digastric located? What is it innervated by?

A

Intermediate tendon to digastric/mastoid notch

Facial nerve

99
Q

Where is the stylohyoid located? What is it innervated by?

A

Styloid process to hyoid.

Facial nerve

100
Q

Where is the stylohyoid perforated? By?

A

Just above hyoid by the intermediate tendon of digastric.

101
Q

What are the suprahyoid muscles responsible for?

A

Lift hyoid

102
Q

Where are the infrahyoid muscles located? What are the infrahyoid muscles?

A 
Below hyoid
In muscular triangle
1. Sternohyoid
2. Sternothryoid
3. Thryohyoid
4. Omohyoid
103
Q

Where does the sternohyoid extend?

A

Sternum to hyoid

104
Q

Where does the sternothyroid extend?

A

Sternum to thyroid cartilage of larynx (the large upper cartilage)

105
Q

Where does the thyrohyoid extend?

A

Thryoid cartilage to hyoid

106
Q

What are the functions of the infrahyoid muscles?

A

Move larynx up or down and depress hyoid

107
Q

What innervates the infrahyoid muscles?

A

Ansa cervicalis

108
Q

What are the muscles associated with the styloid process?

A
  1. Stylohyoid muscle
  2. Styloglossus muscle
  3. Stylopharageus muscle
109
Q

What are the ligaments associated with the styloid process?

A
  1. Stylomandibular ligament

2. Stylohyoid ligament

110
Q

Where does the styloglossus muscle extend? What is it innervated by?

A

Styloid process to underside of tongue.

Hypoglossal nerve

111
Q

Where does the stylopharangeus muscle extend? What is it innervated by?

A

Styloid process to pharynx

Accompanied and innervated by glossopharangeal nerve.

112
Q

Where is the stylohyoid ligament

A

Stylohyoid process to hyoid.
Medial to stylohyoid muscles
May calcify (Eagle’s syndrome)

113
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

A

31

114
Q

Why are they called mixed spinal nerves?

A

Because they carry fibres which are somatic, autonomic, sensory

115
Q

What do the mixed spinal nerves divide into?

A

Small dorsal ramus and larger ventral ramus

116
Q

What do the dorsal rami supply?

A

Dorsal muscle and skin

117
Q

What does the ventral rami supply?

A

Anterolateral structures

118
Q

The dorsal rami are usually larger than ventral rami. True or false.

A

False.

119
Q

What do ventral rami in the neck form?

A

Cervical plexus

120
Q

What do the cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus supply?

A

Skin and superficial fascia

Also sensory innervation of parotid

121
Q

What are the cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus?

A
  1. Lesser occipital
  2. Greater auricular
  3. Transverse nerve of neck
  4. Supraclavicular nerves
122
Q

Where is the origin of the lesser occipital nerve? What does it supply?

A

Ventral rami of C2

Scalp posterior to auricle

123
Q

Where is the origin of the greater auricular? What does it supply?

A

Ventral rami of C2,3

Supplies skin over mastoid, auricle and over parotid, also sensory innervation of parotid gland.

124
Q

Where is the origin of the transverse nerve of neck? What does it supply?

A

Ventral rami C2,3

Supplies skin of anterolateral neck

125
Q

Where is the origin of the supraclavicular nerve? What does it supply?

A

Ventral rami of C3,4

Supplies skin over clavicle and upper thorax, skin of upper and posterior shoulder

126
Q

What do the muscular branches of the cervical plexus supply?

A

Muscles of the anterolateral neck (ansa cervicalis)

127
Q

What is the ansa cervicalis? Where is it located? What does it supply?

A

Nerve loop which is anterior and deep to SCM.

Infrahyoid muscles.

128
Q

What does the ansa cervicalis consist of? What does this accompany? What is it joined to?

A

Superior root derived from C1

This accompanies the hypoglossal nerve for some distance joined to an inferior root derived from C2 and C3.

129
Q

What do the dorsal rami of cervical nerves supply?

A

Supply muscles and skin of posterior region of neck

130
Q

What is the greater occipital nerve a branch of? What does it supply?

A

It is a medial branch of the second cervical dorsal rammus.

It supplies some of the post occipital muscles plus skin of posterior scalp.

ANAT3004 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions