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DA (Can) > Oral Anatomy & Histology (Review: Outcome 5 & 6) > Flashcards

Oral Anatomy & Histology (Review: Outcome 5 & 6) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 dentition periods?

A
  1. Primary
  2. Mixed
  3. Permanent
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2
Q

Primary Dentition

A
  • 20 primary teeth
  • Also referred to “baby teeth” or “deciduous dentition”
  • 10 Maxillary teeth
  • 10 Mandibular teeth
  • Includes: Incisors, canines, molars
  • FDI: 5 to 8 (quadrants)
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3
Q

Mixed Dentition

A
  • Occurs between ages 6 to 12 years
  • Both primary and permanent teeth are present
  • Period begins with eruption of the 1st PERMANENT tooth (PERMANENT MANDIBULAR FIRST MOLAR)
  • Period ends with shedding of the last primary tooth
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4
Q

Permanent Dentiton

A
  • Final or adult dentition
  • Period begins with shedding of last primary tooth
  • Growth of jawbones slows and eventually stops (puberty has passed)
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5
Q

Primary Teeth Eruption

A

The actual dates are not as important as the eruption sequence because there can be variation in the actual dates of eruption
- Sequence tends to be uniform

Eruption sequence > actual dates

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6
Q

How long does primary teeth take to develop completely?

A

Completed between 2 and 3 years

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7
Q

Compare the Primary and Permanent Dentition

A

Primary:
- Crown of any tooth is short in relation to its total length; also narrower at CEJ, making them appear bulbous
- Smaller overall
- Roots are narrower and longer than crown length
- Crown-to-root ratio is smaller than permanent
- Enamel is thinner
- Pulp chambers and pulp horns are relatively larger than permanent
- Whiter in colour; permanent is yellower

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8
Q

Primate Spaces

A

Spaces between:
- primary maxillary lateral incisors & canine
- primary mandibular canine and first molar

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9
Q

Leeway Space

A

Spaces between first and second primary molars
- Allow an extra margin of space for the eruption of permanent cuspid, first and second bicuspid

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10
Q

Clinical Considerations with Primary Teeth & Why they are important

A
  • Primary teeth hold the eruption space for the permanent tooth
  • because enamel and dentin are thinner in primary teeth, decay can travel quickly through the enamel to the pulp, possibly causing loss of the tooth
  • Early dental health education and dental care are essential in keeping the primary dentition
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11
Q

Which primary tooth is the first to erupt?

A

Mandibular central incisor

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12
Q

How do primary incisors differ from their permanent successors?

A

Primary incisors have no mamelons

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13
Q

Characteristics of Permanent Anterior Teeth

A
  • 12 anterior teeth, 6 in each arch
  • Central incisors, Lateral incisors, canines
  • ALL anterior teeth are succedaneous, replacing primary teeth of the same type
  • ALL anterior teeth have: cingulum, marginal ridges, and some have a fossa
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14
Q

Permanent Incisors

A
  • 8 permanent incisors
  • 4 Maxillary, 4 Mandibular
  • These teeth completement each other in form and function
  • Central incisors erupt about a year or so before lateral incisors
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15
Q

Maxillary Central Incisors

A
  • Larger in all dimensions, especially mesiodistally than mandibular central incisors
  • Root is short compared with the other maxillary teeth
  • Lingual surface features (marginal ridges, lingual fossa, cingulum) more prominent on maxillary than mandibular central incisors
  • Newly erupted - incisors have 3 mamelons (undergo attrition after eruption)
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16
Q

Maxillary Lateral Incisors

A
  • Smaller than central incisors in all dimensions except root length
  • Erupt after Max. central incisors
  • Crown has single root - relatively smooth and straight, but may curve slightly distally
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17
Q

Diastema

A

Open contacts (spaces between teeth)
- Often occur in Maxillary lateral incisors because of variations in tooth size and position in arch

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18
Q

Canine eminence

A

The large root that is externally manifested by the bony vertical ridge

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19
Q

Clinical considerations with canines

A
  • Maxillary canines may erupt labially or lingually in relation to the surrounding teeth
  • Maxillary canines maay also fail to erupt fully and may remain impacted
  • This occurs because they erupt after the max. incisors and possibly after premolars and their arch spaces have closed
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20
Q

What are the differences Between Second
and First Maxillary Premolars?

A
  • The cusps are closer in length on the second premolar
  • The lingual cusp is slightly shorter, but not as short as
    the cusp on the maxillary first premolar
  • The mesiobuccal cusp slope is shorter than the
    distobuccal cusp slope on the second premolar
  • The cusps of the secondary premolar are not as sharp as those of the maxillary first premolar
  • The second premolar has only one root and one root
    canal
  • The second premolar is wider buccolingually than
    mesiodistally
21
Q

Clinical considerations with premolars

A
  • The maxillary and mandibular premolars work
    with the molars in the chewing of food
  • The first premolars help the canines in shearing or
    cutting bits of food
  • The premolars also support the corners of the
    mouth and cheeks
22
Q

Clinical Considerations with Maxillary Molars

A
  • The roots may penetrate the maxillary sinus as a result of accidental trauma or during an extraction
  • The third molars may fail to erupt and may remain impacted within the alveolar bone
  • If the maxillary first molar is lost, the second molar
    can tip and drift into the open space, causing
    difficulty in chewing and furthering periodontal
    disease
23
Q

Clinical Considerations with Mandibular Molars

A
  • The lingual inclination of the crowns of the
    mandibular molars can make it difficult to position
    the oral evacuator
  • The lingual inclination of the molar teeth can also
    pose problems in oral hygiene for patients, who
    may miss the lingual gingiva with the toothbrush
24
Q

Occlusion

A

Relationship between maxillary an mandibular teeth when upper and lower jaws are fully closed and relationship between teeth in the same arch

25
Q

Malocclusion

A

Abnormal or malposition relationships of maxillary teeth to mandibular teeth when they are in centric occlusion

26
Q

Centric Occlusion (CO)

A

The voluntary position of the dentition that allows the maximum contact when the teeth occlude

  • Each tooth of one arch is in occlusion with two others in the opposing arch, except for mandibular central incisors and max. 3rd molars
27
Q

Centric Relation (CR)

A

The end point of closure of the mandible; the mandible is in the most retruded position to which it can be carried by the musculature and ligaments

  • Ideally, when mandible is in CR, the dentition should be in CO (CR = CO) –> but it’s not
  • Independent of tooth contact
28
Q

Curve of Spee

A

When the maxillary and mandibular teeth come into CO, they align along anteroposterior and lateral curves.

  • This is produced by the curved alignment of all the teeth and is especially evident when viewing the posterior teeth from the buccal view
29
Q

Overjet

A

When the teeth usually occlude in CO, the maxillary arch HORIZONTALLY OVERLAPS the mandibular arch

  • Measured in millimeters with tip of periodontal probe once patient is in CO (accurate measurement)
  • Probe placed at 90 degrees to the labial surface of Mand. incisors at the base of incisal ridge of Max. incisor
30
Q

Overbite

A

In CO, the maxillary arch VERTICALLY OVERLAPS the mandibular arch

  • The amount of vertical overlap (usually 2-5mm between anterior sextants of the 2 arches) allows contact between posterior teeth during mastication
  • Usually expressed as a percentage at around 20-30% (guesstimate)
31
Q

Severe Overbite (Deep overbite)

A

When the maxillary arch and its incisors have a more pronounced overlap with the mandibular arch and its incisors

32
Q

Underbite

A

The mandibular arch and its incisors extends beyond the maxillary arch and its incisors

33
Q

Crossbite

A

Occurs when a mandibular tooth or teeth are placed facially to the maxillary teeth

34
Q

Openbite

A

Teeth do not occlude

35
Q

End-to-End Bite

A

Teeth occlude without the maxillary teeth overlapping the mandibular teeth

36
Q

Malocclusion Classification

A
  • The Angle of classification of malocclusion DOES NOT describe normal or even ideal occlusion, ONLY MALOCCLUSION of the molars and canines
  • Grouped into 3 main classes, according to the position of the permanent maxillary first molar to the mandibular first molar
  • Classification system based on relationship of teeth and NOT the skeletal considerations that are due to the disproportionate size or position of the jaws
  • 3 classes by Roman numerals; assume that both sides of dentition are affected equally unless specifically noted (separate defining classifications can be made depending on which side is affected)
37
Q

Gnathic Index (Malocclusion)

A
  • Each type of facial profile present can be measured by the gnathic index
  • This measurement gives the degree of prominence of the maxillae as opposed to the mandible
  • 3 types:
    i. Mesognathic
    ii. Retrognathic
    iii. Prognathic
38
Q

Class I Malocclusion (neutroclusion)

A
  • Characterized by an ideal MD relationship of the jaws and dental arches
  • The MB cusp of the Max. first molar occludes with the MB groove of the Mand. first molar
  • Due to dental malalignments (e.g. crowding; “crooked teeth”) or irregular spacing withing the jaws
  • Patients usually have a facial profile Mesognathic
39
Q

Mesognathic

A

The facial profile in CO has slightly protruded jaws, giving the facial outline a relatively flat appearance or straight profile

40
Q

Class II Malocclusion (Distoclusion)

A
  • Characterized by the MB cusp of Max. first molar occluding (by more than width of a premolar) mesial to the MB groove of the Mand. first molar
  • 2 subgroups: Division I & Division II (based on position of anterior teeth, shape of palate, & resulting facial profile)
41
Q

Class II Malocclusion - Division I

A
  • Facial profile shows a protruding upper lip or recessive mandible resulting in a convex profile
  • Retrognathic (Facial profile)
42
Q

Class II Malocclusion - Division II

A
  • Facial profile is usually mesognathic profile, often with a prominent mandible
43
Q

Class III Malocclusion (Mesioclusion)

A
  • Characterized by the MB cusp of Max. first molar occludes (by more than width of premolar) distal to the MB groove of Mand. first molar
  • Prognathic profile
44
Q

Prognathic

A

Facial profile that shows a rather prominent mandible and possibly a retrusive maxillae, resulting in a concave profile

45
Q

Retrognathic

A

Facial profile shows a protruding upper lip or recessive mandible resulting in a convex profile

46
Q

Terminal Plane

A

The ideal molar relationship in primary dentition when in CO.

47
Q

Flush Terminal Plane

A

Primary maxillary and mandibular second molars are in an end-to-end relationship

48
Q

Mesial Step

A

The primary mandibular second molar is mesial to the maxillary second molar

  • Individuals with mesial step less than 2mm, Angle Class I molar relationship will result
49
Q

Distal Step

A
  • Primary mandibular second molar is distal to the maxillary second molar
  • Not an ideal molar relationship in primary dentition & thus is not a type of terminal plane relationship

DA (Can) (21 decks)

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