Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

DA (Can) > Oral Anatomy & Histology (Review: Outcome 14) > Flashcards

Oral Anatomy & Histology (Review: Outcome 14) Flashcards

1
Q

Role of the DA - Tooth Anomalies

A
  • Recognition of anomaly
  • Patient education
  • Treatment considerations
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Types of Developmental Disorders

A

i. Inherited disorders are different from developmental disorders because they are caused by an abnormal gene
- a congenital disorder is one that is present at birth
- either inherited or developmental; however, exact cause of most congenital abnormalities is unknown

ii. Genetic factors
- malformations that are often the result of genetic factors such as chromosomal abnormalities

iii. Environmental factors
- called teratogens; include infections, drugs, and exposure to radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Disturbances in Jaw Development

A
  • Macrognathia
  • Micrognathia
  • Exostoses: a benign bony growth projecting outward from the surface of a bone
  • Torus palatinus: a bony overgrowth at the midline of the hard palate
  • Torus mandibularis: a bony overgrowth on the lingual surface of the mandible
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Disturbances in lip, palate, and tongue development

A
  • Cleft lip: results when maxillary and medial nasal processes fail to fuse
  • Cleft palate: results when palatal shelves fail to fuse with primary palate
  • Cleft uvula: mildest form of cleft palate
  • Ankyloglossia: often called tongue-tie; results in a short lingual frenum that extends to the apex of the tongue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Tooth Anomalies

A
  • Stage of development
  • Length of effect
  • Hereditary or environmental cause
  • More often in permanent dentition
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Etiology of Anomalies

A

Stages of development
1. Initiation
2. Proliferation
3. Histo-differentiation
4. Morpho-differentiation
5. Apposition
6. Maturation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Abnormal number of teeth

A

i. Initiation stage
ii. Lack of initiation within the dental lamina
- absence of a single tooth or an entire dentition
iii. Associated with:
- ectodermal dysplasia
- endocrine dysfunction
- systemic disease
- radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Anodontia (Hypodontia)

A

Partial or complete absence of teeth

Commonly include:
- permanent third molars
- maxillary lateral incisors
- mandibular second premolars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Hyperdontia

A

Supernumerary tooth or teeth

Commonly found:
- between permanent maxillary incisors
- distal to third molars

Cause:
- Hereditary

  • Mesiodens
  • Small extra central incisor
  • Erupts between two centrals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Abnormal size

A
  • Bud stage of the development (Proliferation)
  • Abnormal proliferation of the tooth bud can cause a single tooth or multiple teeth or an entire dentition to be larger or smaller than usual
  • Generally genetic with partial
  • Endocrine dysfunction associated with complete
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Macrodontia

A
  • Abnormal increase in tooth size
  • Childhood hyperpituitarism (gigantism) can cause
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Microdontia

A

Complete Microdontia - Rare
- all teeth small
- associated with Hypopituitarism or Down’s Syndrome

True Partial Microdontia
- hereditary factors involved
- commonly affects the permanent maxillary lateral incisors and permanent third molars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Abnormal Shape

A
  • Later stages of tooth development
  • Proliferation and morphodifferentiation processes
  • Can present as abnormal crown or root shape
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Dens in Dente

A
  • Cap Stage
  • Enamel organ invaginates into the dental papillae
  • Commonly affects permanent lateral incisor

Cause: Hereditary factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Gemination

A
  • Cap stage
  • Tooth germ tries to divide and develops a large single-rooted tooth with one pulp cavity and “twinning” in the crown of anterior teeth
  • Correct number of teeth will be present
  • Unsuccessful attempt is indicated by an incisal notch

Cause: Hereditary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Fusion

A
  • Cap Stage
  • Union of 2 adjacent tooth germs
  • Results in a large tooth with 2 pulp cavities
  • One fewer tooth in the dentition
  • Common on anteriors in primary dentition

Cause: pressure

17
Q

Tubercle

A
  • Cap stage
  • Small rounded enamel extension
  • Commonly found on posterior occlusal surface or anterior lingual surfaces

Cause:
- trauma, pressure or metabolic disease affecting the enamel organ

18
Q

Enamel Pearl

A
  • Apposition and Maturation Stage
  • Sphere of enamel on root

Cause:
- displacement of ameloblasts to root surface

19
Q

Hypercementosis

A
  • Refers to the excess deposition of cementum on root surfaces
  • A variety of local and systemic factors have been associated: trauma, inflammation, supraeruption, pituitary gigantism, arthritis, calcinosis, Paget’s disease, rheumatic fever and goiter
  • Occurs predominantly in adults and an increased frequency is seen with increasing age
  • May cause concrescence
20
Q

Concrescence

A
  • Apposition and Maturation Stage
  • Union of the root structure of two or more teeth by cementum
  • Commonly affects the permanent maxillary molars

Cause:
- traumatic injury or crowing of the teeth

21
Q

Root Formation

A

i. Dilaceration - results in a distorted root of severe crown angulation (caused by injury or pressure during tooth development)

ii. Flexion - a deviation or bend restricted to just the root

iii. Accessory roots - due to trauma, pressure or metabolic disease that effects HERS (Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath) during root development

22
Q

Structural Anomalies

A
  • Resulting from disturbances in enamel and dentin formation
  • Apposition and Maturation Stages
  • Enamel or dentin dysplasia
23
Q

Enamel Dysplasia

A
  • Results from a reduction in the quantity of enamel matrix
  • Teeth appear with pitting and intrinsic colour changes in enamel
24
Q

Amelogenesis Imperfecta

A
  • Type of enamel hypoplasia/dysplasia
  • Hereditary etiology
  • Can affect all teeth of both the primary and permanent dentitions
  • Teeth have very thin enamel that chips off or have no enamel at all (crowns are yellow)
  • Varies in severity
  • Hereditary enamel hypoplasia is a type of amelogenesis imperfecta that is characterized by teeth with crowns that are hard and glossy, yellow, and cone-shaped or cylindrical
25
Q

Dental Fluorosis

A
  • A change in the appearance of the tooth’s enamel
  • Can vary from barely noticeable white spots in mild forms to staining and pitting in the more severe forms
  • Only occurs when younger children consume too much fluoride from any source over long periods when teeth are developing under gums
26
Q

Turner’s Teeth

A
  • Hypoplasia of the enamel involving a single permanent tooth
  • If found on a canine or a premolar, the most likely cause is an infection that was present when the primary tooth was still in the mouth
  • If found in the anterior area of the mouth, the most likely cause is a traumatic injury to a primary tooth
27
Q

Hutchinson’s Incisors

A
  • Abnormally shaped permanent front teeth (incisors)
  • Usually associated with congenital syphilis (treponema palladium)
28
Q

Mulberry Molars

A

First molar tooth whose occlusal surface is pitted due to congenital syphilis with nodules replacing the cusps

29
Q

Dentin Dysplasia

A

Faulty development of dentin

30
Q

Dentinogenesis Imperfecta

A
  • Hereditary basis
  • Results in blue-gray or brown teeth with an opalescent sheen
  • Enamel appears as usual but chips off due to lack of support from the abnormal underlying dentin
  • Results in severe attrition
  • Teeth that have dentiogenesis imperfecta are opalescent and have an almost amber color
31
Q

Tetracycline Staining

A
  • Incorporation into dentinal tissue that is calcifying at the time of administration
  • Antibiotic becomes chemically bound to the dentin for the life of the tooth and because of the transparency of enamel, it is visible
  • Permanent discoloration varies from yellow or gray to brown depending on the dose or the type of drug received in relation to body weight
32
Q

Odontoma

A

Etiology is unknown
- local trauma
- inflammatory and/or infectious processes
- dental lamina remnants
- hereditary anomalies
- odontoblastic hyperactivity
- alterations of the genetic component responsible for controlling dental development

33
Q

Complex odontomas

A

When the calcified dental tissues are simply arranged in an irregular mass bearing no morphologic similarity to rudimentary teeth

34
Q

Compound odontomas

A

Composed of all odontogenic tissues in an orderly pattern that results in many teeth-like structures but without morphologic resemblance to normal teeth

35
Q

Ameloblastoma

A

A tumor composed of remnants of dental lamina

36
Q

Degeneration Changes

A

i. Attrition
- wearing down of incisal/occlusal
- frictional contact
- grinding/occlusion

ii. Abrasion
- mechanical wearing away of tooth
- buccal/lingual surface
- recession
- toothbrush abrasion

iii. Abfraction
- V-shaped notches in dentin
- confused with abrasion
- shear and tensile stresses
- CEJ - slight flexion

iv. Erosion
- chemical wearing away
- dissolving enamel

37
Q

Bruxism

A
  • Oral habit consisting of involuntary gnashing, grinding, and clenching of the teeth in movements other than chewing
  • usually occurs during sleep and is commonly associated with stress or tension
38
Q

Orofacial piercings

A
  • Have become popular among some segments of the population
  • Dental complications include: chipped and broken teeth, serious infections at the sites of piercings
  • Infection can spread throughout the head and neck area, with serious results
39
Q

Abnormal eruption of teeth

A

i. Premature eruption
- teeth are present at birth
- neonatal teeth are those that erupt within the first 30 days of life

ii. Ankylosis
- in deciduous teeth affected by ankylosis, bone has fused to cementum and dentin, preventing exfoliation

iii. Impaction
- occurs when any tooth remains unerupted in the jaw beyond the time at which it should normally erupt

DA (Can) (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions