oral Flashcards
communication is derived from two latin words:
communis: “commonness
communicare: “to share”
commonalities communicators should have:
- language
- knowledge
- interest
- experience
- culture
two persons who are communicating should speak the same ___ or dialect so they will understand one another
language
the amount of information a person has about a certain topic. If one has limited information about the topic under liberation, there will be an imbalance in termsof sharing of information
knowledge
individuals should have possess the same level of ____ for the continuous exchange of information
interest
having similar ____ enables people to relate to one another as they converse. Through this, one person understands the other, thus sharing of meaning is arrived at
experience
having the same ____ facilities comprehension of the message being transmitted
culture
information is transferred in one direction only, from the sender to the receiver
one way communication
there is a give and take relationship. Shidting of roles occurs when the listener gives feedback taking the role of the speaker and the speaker takes the role of the listener
two way communication
components of commumication
- context
- sender
- message
- channel
- receiver
- feedback
- noise
- the situation, environment or setting
- consist of different aspects:
- country, culture, and organization
- external stimulus
- internal stimulus
- can be physical, social, or chronological
context
- the speaker, source, or encoder
- may be an individual or a group of people
- may be verbal or non verbal
sender
- the key element that is transmitted in communication
- comprises our thoughts, knowledge, attitudes, skills, feelings, experiences, values, beliefs, aspirations, desires, and dreams
- remember that the message must be clear
message
- the medium of communication
- the pathway through which the message travels in order to reach its destination
- the choice of medium depends on the nature of our message and contextual factors
- two major ___ used in communication - the light waves and sound waves
channel
- the decoder or listener
- the person who receives and interprets the message
- also influenced by contextual factors
- the receiver is the listener, and in written medium the reader is the receiver
receiver
- the return process which completes the loop of communication
- the main component of communication process for it tells the sender as to the effectiveness of his message
- it also informs the speaker whether the message is received successfully or not, whether it is understood or not
- may be verbal, can be also non response
feedback
- the interference
- anything that hinders the transmission or reception of the message
- categorized into internal noise and external noise
noise
refer to anything that we think of during the time we engaged in communication like thinking about the unfinished task we left at home, speculating what the other person will say or thinking about an appointment we have later
internal noise
the noise that comes from outside such as screaming of children at play, a heavy downpour or vehicles in motion
external noise
may either be denotative or connotative
semantic noise
grammar, structure or setvof rules that govern how words are combined in meaningful phrases and sentences
syntactic noise
physically disrupts communication
ex: blowing of horns
environmental noise
poorly structured or planned message
ex: giving instructions
organizational noise
certain attitudes that can make communication difficult
ex: fear
psychological npise
physical conditions that interferes with the reception of the message
ex: deafness
physiological noise
differences in ___ may interfere with cross-cultural understanding physical conditions that interferes with the reception of the message
ex: slurping sound
cultural noise
- before 300 b.c
- stresses the importance of the audience in the communication process
- focuses on public speaking than interpersonal communication
- the speaker must take the audience into consideration
- the golden rule in public speaking, lectures
aristotle’s model of communication
aristotle’s model of communication consist of five elements:
- speaker
- speech
- occasion
- audience
- effect
american mathematician and electronic engineer
claude shannon
- american scientist
- wrote an article in bell system technical journal “ a mathematical theory of communication “
warren weaver
- particularly designed to develop effective communication between the sender and the receiver
- noise is an important factor
- the message is transferred from encoder to decoder through a channel
- the simplest communication model that illustrates what actually happens in communication
shannon-weaver’s model of communication
shannon-weavers model of communication, comprised of five elements:
- information source
- transmitter
- channel
- receiver
- destination
- founder of the field of communication studies
- american scholar of mass communications
wilbur schramm
- originated from shannon-weaver model of communication
- both the sender and the receiver take turns in playing the role of the encoder and the decoder
- addresses the sociological aspect involved in communication, commonality in the field of experience
- the message can be complex as its meaning can vary from one individual to another
schramms model of communication
- american communicationist theorist
- pioneered the SMRC model in 1960
david berlo
- emphasizes the relationship between the sender and the receiver of the message
- the communication skills of the communicators must at their best
- consist of four components and each has its own subcomponents that support each element
berlo’s model of communication
berlos model of communication, consist of four elements:
source, message, channel, and receiver
- american communication proffesor
- proposed the helical MOC in 1987
frank dance
- the process of communication evolves from the very birth and continuous for as long as he lives
- nonlinear
- the communication process is just like a helix, it moves forward and backwards, starts small then grows bigger, dependent on the past and relies on the lowest level
helical model of communication
