Opthalmology Flashcards
What is keratitis?
inflammation of the cornea
What are the causes of keratitis?
Bacterial - Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( contact wearers)
fungal
Aomebic ( exposure in contaminated water)
HSV
Symptoms of Keratitis
red eye
painful
photophobia
gritty feeling
What are the stages of non proliferative diabetic retinopathy?
Mild Non Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy:
1 or more microaneurysm
Moderate
microaneurysm
blot haemorrhages
hard exudates
cotton wool spots
Severe
blot hemorrhages and microaneurysms in 4 quadrants
venous bleeding in 2 quadrants
intra retinal microvascular abnormality in 1 quadrant
How is diabetic retinopathy split?
Non proliferative
proliferative
What is a common cause of painless vision loss?
VIterous haemorrhage
In what patient group do you need to check for vitreous haemorrhage?
T2DM
How to pick up dry age macular degeneration on examination?
Drusen ( yellow spots on Bruchs membrane)
What visual field is age related macular degeneration associated with?
Central vision loss
What visual field is primary open- glaucoma associated with?
peripheral vision loss
What is dendritic corneal ulcer characteristic of?
HSV keratitis
What is the condition in which you see swollen and pale optic disc in fundoscopy?
Anterior Ischaemic Optic neuropathy
What treatment makes thyroid eye disease worse?
radioiodine
What are the investigations for orbital cellulitis?
Full blood count -
Clinical examination involving complete ophthalmological assessment
CT with contrast - Inflammation of the orbital tissues deep to the septum, sinusitis.
Blood culture and microbiological swab to determine the organism.
Most common bacterial causes - Streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae B.
