Endocrinology

Question 1

What cells do Pheochromocytoma originate in?

Answer 1

Chromaffin cells in Adrenal medulla

Question 2

If a patient has T2DM and has an increased risk of CVD, what medication should you start?

Answer 2

SGLT-2 inhibitor

Question 3

How to tell insulinoma on a blood test?

Answer 3

High insulin, high c-peptide

Question 4

Bloating + Vom + erratic blood glucose + T1DM diagnosis - what do you think?

Answer 4

Gastroparesis

Question 5

low Na + high K

Answer 5

Addisons

Question 6

How to treat HHS?

Answer 6

• Fluid replacement –> given at 0.5-1 L/hour
• Insulin (if fluids has reduced blood sugar levels)
• VTE prophylaxis

Question 7

Management of gastroparesis in patients with T1DM?

Answer 7

Metoclopramide

Question 8

How to manage a patient’s regular insulin regime if they are T1DM and present to A&E with DKA?

Answer 8

continue long acting but stop short acting

Question 9

What to prescribe if patient cannot tolerate metformin therapy?

Answer 9

SGLT-2

Question 10

What is the infusion rate of insulin in DKA?

Answer 10

0.1 unit/kg/hour

Question 11

What do you use to test for diabetic neuropathy on examination?

Answer 11

10g monofilament

Question 12

Hypertension + hypoK

Answer 12

Conns

Question 13

What should be given with a new diagnosis of Graves prior to seeing endocrinologist?

Answer 13

propranalol

Question 14

What are the sick day rules for Addisons?

Answer 14

double hydrocortisone
same fludrocortisone

Question 15

What is the karyotype for Kleinfelters?

Answer 15

47 XXY

Question 16

What are the LH and testosterone results for Kleinfelters?

Answer 16

low testosterone
high LH

Question 17

First line investigation for acromegaly

Answer 17

serum IGF-1

Question 18

What thyroid cancer is associated with raised calcitonin?

Answer 18

Medullary

Question 19

What should you look at when patient comes in with normal PTH and hyperCa?

Answer 19

HyperCa should produce low PTH
so PTH is inappropriately high

Question 20

What is the EGFR cut off for patients on metformin?

Answer 20

less than 30 stop