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Year 6 > ENT > Flashcards

ENT Flashcards

1
Q

What is vestibular neuronitis?

A

vertigo post viral infection

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2
Q

What are the features of vestibular neuronitis?

A

-recurrent vertigo attacks that last hours or days
- N&V
- horizontal nystagmus
- NO hearing loss of tinnitus

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3
Q

What are the treatment options for Vestibular neuronitis?

A
  • vestibular rehabilitation exercises ( preferred in chronic cases)
  • prochlorperazine IM or buccal in severe cases, oral in less severe
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4
Q

What is laryngopharyngeal reflux?

A

changes to the mucosa of the pharynx/larynx due to GOR

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5
Q

What are symptoms of laryngopharyngeal reflux?

A

Globus
hoarseness
chronic cough
dysphagia

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6
Q

What are red flag symptoms for potential ENT cancers?

A

persistent, unilateral throat discomfort
dysphagia
odynophagia
persistent hoarseness

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7
Q

If a patient is 45YO+ and presenting with persistent hoarseness, what should you do?

A

Rapid ENT referral
chest X-RAY

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8
Q

Why do you do a chest x-ray when a patient presents with hoarseness?

A

rule of apical lung lesions

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9
Q

How to manage epistaxis when the bleeding site cannot be located?

A

Anterior packing

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10
Q

How to manage epistaxis?

A

1) Pinch the cartilaginous tissue for 20 mins
2) if can locate the bleeding, cauterise
3) if cannot locate the bleeding, anterior packing

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11
Q

What causes Ramsay Hunt Syndrome?

A

Herpes zoster oticus

reactivation of varicella zoster in the geniculate ganglion of the seventh cranial nerve

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12
Q

What are the symptoms of Ramsay hunt Syndrome?

A

-auricular pain
- facial nerve palsy
- vesicular rash around ear
- vertigo
- tinnitus

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13
Q

What is the treatment of Ramsay Hunt Syndrome?

A

Oral aciclovir 7 days
oral pred 5 days

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14
Q

What does bleeding 5-10 days post tonsillectomy mean?

A

infection
treated with antibiotics

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15
Q

What should happen if there is bleeding post- tonsillectomy?

A

Referral to ENT

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16
Q

What is glue ear?

A

Otitis media with effusion

17
Q

What should happen if adult patient presents with unilateral glue ear?

A

Urgent referral to ENT
posterior nasal space tumour could be altering Eustachian tube pressure

18
Q

What drugs cause gingival hyperplasia?

A

phenytoin
ciclosporin
calcium channel blockers (especially nifedipine

19
Q

What are different examples of benign parotid masses?

A
  • benign pleomorphic adenoma
    –> Most common
    –> proliferation of epithelial + myoepithelial cells of ducts
  • Warthin tumour
    —> 2nd most common
    –> strongly associated with smoking
    –> males more common
  • Monomorphic adenoma
  • haemangioma
    –> parotid mass in child differential
20
Q

Findings on otoscopy for acute otitis media

A
  • bulging tympanic membrane
  • loss of light reflex
  • erythema of tympanic membrane
21
Q

When do you give antibiotics in otitis media?

A

not first line
symptoms lasting 4+ days and not getting better
systemically unwell
younger than 2 with bilateral otitis media
otitis media with perforation

22
Q

What antibiotics should be given in otitis media?

A

1st - Amoxicillin
allergy- clarithromycin

23
Q

What is a branchial cyst?

A

a cyst filled with acellular fluid with cholesterol crystals encapsulated bu stratified squamous epithelium

24
Q

Where are branchial cysts usually located?

A

anterior to sternocleidomastoid

25
Q

How does Branchial cysts present on examination?

A

unilateral
anterior to sternocleidomastoid
smooth, soft ,fluctuant
non tender
slowly enlarging

26
Q

How to manage first presentation of otitis media in children?

A

Observe for 3 months

27
Q

What organism should you start thinking of have persistent Otitis externa even though antibiotics has been tried?

A

Candida Albicans

28
Q

How long should symptoms of sinusitis be present before starting intra-nasal corticosteroids?

A

10 days

29
Q

What maneuver is performed to distinguish between vestibular neuritis and posterior circulation stroke?

A

HiNTS

29
Q

What is a posterior circulation stroke?

A

affects brainstem , cerebellum, thalamus and/or occipitoparietal lobe.

30
Q

What should all patients with new onset sensorineural hearing loss be given?

A

high dose corticosteroids

31
Q

How does cholesteatoma present?

A

conductive hearing loss
recurrent glue ear
smell discharge

32
Q

Vesicles on tympanic membrane + weakness in face

A

Ramsay Hunt

33
Q

What complication is commonly associated with Burkitts lymphoma?

A

Tumour lysis syndrome

34
Q
A

Year 6 (19 decks)

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