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Pharmacology > Opioids > Flashcards

Opioids Flashcards

1
Q

What is the opioid that has the shortest half-life?

A

Remifentanil

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2
Q

What is the opioid with the longest half life

A

Buprenorphine

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3
Q

What are the opioid receptors and their effects?

A 
Mu = ihibition of respiration
Delta = tolerance
Kappa = Slowed gastrointestinal transit
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4
Q

What is the mechanism of action of morphine?

A

Morphine is an opioid analgesic (full agonist)

strong agonist at mu receptors

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5
Q

What is the most potent opioid?

A

Ohmefentanyl

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6
Q

What is the mechanism of action of meperidine?

A

Strong agonist at mu and kappa receptors

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7
Q

What is the side effect of meperidine when given with SSRIs or MAOIs

A

Serotonin syndrome

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8
Q

What is the treatment for opioid dependence that acts as a strong agonist at mu receptors and binds NMDA receptors and antagonizes the effects of glutamate? It is currently being investigated as a novel treatment for leukemia

A

Methadone

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9
Q

What is the side effect of Methadone?

A

Drug induced hyperthyroidism

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10
Q

What opiod analgesic that acts as a mu and kappa receptor agonist that has a side effect of hypogonadism and hearing loss?

A

Hydrocodone

Oxycodone

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11
Q

What partial opioid analgesic that decreases sensitivity of cough receptors and depresses the medullary cough center through sigma receptor?

A

Dextrometorphan

Codeine

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12
Q

What opioid analgesic that acts as a weak agonist at mu receptor that is used in the treatment of restless legs syndrome and opioid withdrawal?

A

Propoxyphene
Levopropoxyphene
Dextropropoxyphene
Note: withdrawn from the market due to fatal cardiotoxicity

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13
Q

What is a mixed opioid agonist-antagonist (strong agonist at K receptors, weak antagonist activity at mu receptors?

A

Nalbuphine

Similar drugs: Buprenorphine, Butorphanol, Pentazocine

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14
Q

What is the drug that is used to reduce craving in alcohol dependence

A

Buprenorphine

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15
Q

What is the drug used in opioid toxicity? this drug precipitates abstinence syndrome in patients with opiod dependence

A

Naloxone
Naltrexone
Nalmefene

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16
Q

What is the opioid antagonist that reduces craving in alcohol dependence

A

Naltrexone

17
Q

What opioid analgesic which is dual-acting (weak agonist at mu receptor and inhibits neuronal reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine)?

A

Tramadol

Tapentadol

18
Q

What is the side effect of Tramadol?

A

Lowers seizure threshold

Contraindicated in patients with a history of epilepsy

19
Q

What is the triad of opioid overdose?

A

Pupillary constriction
Comatose state
Respiratory depression

Pharmacology (13 decks)

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