Antibacterials Flashcards

1
Q

For gram positive organisms - S. Pneumoniae, S. Pyogenes, Actinomyces

For N. Meningitides, T. Pallidum

A

Pen G, V

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2
Q

ADR of Penicillins G, V

A

Hypersensitivity, hemolytic anemia

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3
Q

Wide spectrum beta lactamase antibiotic

A

Ampicillin, amoxicillin

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4
Q

Combines with clavulanic acid

A

Ampicillin, amoxicillin

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5
Q

Treatment for HELPSS

H. Influenza
E. Coli
L. Monocytogenes
P. Mirabilis
Salmonella
Shigella
A

Ampicillin, amoxicillin

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6
Q

ADR of ampicillin, amoxicillin

A

Hypersensitivity

Pseudomembranous colitis

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7
Q

Narrow spectrum penicillin

Penicillinase resistant due to bulky R group

A

Oxacillin, nafcillin, dicloxacillin

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8
Q

Tx for S. Aureus and ADR

A

Oxacillin, nafcillin, dicloxacillin

Hypersensitivity, interstitial nephritis

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9
Q

Antipseudomonals

A

Ticarcillin, piperacillin

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10
Q

B lactamase inhibitors

A

CAST

Clavulanic Acid
Sulbactam
Tazobactam

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11
Q

Organisms not covered by Cephalosporins

A

LAME

Listeria
Atypicals
MRSA
Enterococci

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12
Q

1st generation Cephalosporins

A

PEcKs first

Proteus
E. Coli
Klebsiella
S. Aureus

Start with Ceph EXCEPT Cefadroxil and Cefazolin

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13
Q

2ng generation Cephalosporins

A

HEN PEcKS

H. Influenza
Enterobacter aerogenes
Neisseria
Proteus mirabilis
E. Coli
Klebsiella
Serratia marcescens

Start with Cef, don’t end with -ime/one EXCEPT Cefuroxime

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14
Q

3rd generation Cephalosporins

A

Ceftriaxone - meningitis and gonorrhea
Ceftazidime - pseudomonas

Start with Cef, ends with -ime/one EXCEPT Cefazolin

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15
Q

4th generation cephalosporins

A

Increased activity against Pseudomonas and gram positive

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16
Q

5th generation cephalosporin

A

Ceftaroline

Broad spectrum, does not cover pseudomonas

17
Q

Cephalosporin toxicity

A

Vitamin K deficiency, nephrotoxicity with aminoglycosides

18
Q

Aztreonam

MOA
Uses
ADRs

A

Binds to PBPs
Gram negative rods
Usually non toxic

19
Q

Carbpenems

MOA
Uses
ADRs

A

B lactamase resistant

Wide spectrum, for life threatening infections
Used with Cilastatin (decreases inactivation in kidneys)
CNS toxicity (decreased with Meropenem)

20
Q

Vancomycin

MOA
Uses
ADRs

A

Binding D-ala D-ala, inhibitis peptidoglycan
Gram positive, MRSA
NOT trouble free - Nephrotoxicity, Ototoxicity, Thrombophlebitis
Red man syndrome

21
Q

Aminoglycoside

Examples
MOA
Uses
ADRs

A

GNATS - gentamicin, neomycin (bowel sx), amikacin, tobramycin, streptomycin
Inhibits initiation complex causing misreading of mRNA, Require O2
For severe gram negative rod infections
Nephrotoxicity, Neuromuscular blockade, Ototoxicty, Teratogen

22
Q

Tetracylcins

Examples
MOA
Uses
ADR

A

Tetracycline, doxyxycline, minocycline
Binds 30s and prevents attachment of aminoacyl-tRNA
Borrelia, M. Pneumonia, Rickettsia, Chlamydia
Teeth discoloration, inhibition of bone growth, photosensitive, Contraindicated in pregnancy

23
Q

Macrolides

MOA
Uses
ADRs

A

Azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin

Binds to 50s, blocks translation
Atypical pneumonia, Chlamydia, gram positive cocci
MACRO: Motility issues, arrhythmia, cholestatic hepatitis, rash, eosinophilia

24
Q

Used for meningitis, Rocky Mountains potted fever
Blocks 50s
Causes anemia and gray baby syndrome

A

Chloramphenicol

25
Blocks 50s For anaerobic infections above the diaphragm Causes pseudo membranous colitis
Clindamycin
26
Sulfonamide a Examples MOA Uses ADRs
Sulfamethoxazole, sulfisoxazole, sulfadiazine Inhibits folate synthesis (inhibit dihydropteroate synthase) Gram posive/negative, Nocardia, Chlamydia, UTI Hemolysis is G6PD deficient, Nephrotoxicity, kernicterus, displaces warfarin from albumin
27
Trimethoprim MOA Uses ADRs
Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase UTI, salmonella, shigella, pneumocystis jirovecii and toxoplasmosis prophylaxis Megaloblastic anemia, leukopenia, granulocytopenia
28
Fluroquinolones Examples MOA Uses ADR
Floxacins and nalidixic acid Inhibits DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II) and topoisomerase IV Gram negative rods for urinary and GIT, neisseria Tendinitis
29
Metronidazole MOA Uses ADRs
Forms free radicals that damage DNA GET GAP: giardia, entamoeba, trichomonas, gardnerella, anaerobes, h. Pylori (anaerobic infections below the diaphragm) Disulfiram-like reaction, metallic taste
30
Isoniazid MOA ADR
Decreased mycolic acid synthesis INH Injures Neurons and Hepatocytes: Nuerotoxicity, hepatotoxicity
31
Rifamycin MOA ADR
``` 4Rs RNA polymerase inhibitor Ramps up microsomes cytochrome P450 Red orange body fluids Rapid resistance Ramps up cytochrome P450 BUT rifaBUTin does not ```
32
Pyrazinamide MOA ADR
Unknown. Acidified intra cellular environment | Hyperuricemia, hepatotoxicity
33
Ethambutol MOA ADR
``` Blocks arabinosyltransferase Optic neuropathy (red green color blindness) ```
34
Binds PBPs, blocks transpeptidase
Pen G, V
35
Penicillinase sensitive penicillins
Pen G, V Ampicillin Amoxicillin
36
Penicillinase resistant penicillins
Oxacillin, nafcicillin, dicloxacillin
37
Antipseudomonals
Ticarcillin | Piperacillin