Antibacterials Flashcards
For gram positive organisms - S. Pneumoniae, S. Pyogenes, Actinomyces
For N. Meningitides, T. Pallidum
Pen G, V
ADR of Penicillins G, V
Hypersensitivity, hemolytic anemia
Wide spectrum beta lactamase antibiotic
Ampicillin, amoxicillin
Combines with clavulanic acid
Ampicillin, amoxicillin
Treatment for HELPSS
H. Influenza E. Coli L. Monocytogenes P. Mirabilis Salmonella Shigella
Ampicillin, amoxicillin
ADR of ampicillin, amoxicillin
Hypersensitivity
Pseudomembranous colitis
Narrow spectrum penicillin
Penicillinase resistant due to bulky R group
Oxacillin, nafcillin, dicloxacillin
Tx for S. Aureus and ADR
Oxacillin, nafcillin, dicloxacillin
Hypersensitivity, interstitial nephritis
Antipseudomonals
Ticarcillin, piperacillin
B lactamase inhibitors
CAST
Clavulanic Acid
Sulbactam
Tazobactam
Organisms not covered by Cephalosporins
LAME
Listeria
Atypicals
MRSA
Enterococci
1st generation Cephalosporins
PEcKs first
Proteus
E. Coli
Klebsiella
S. Aureus
Start with Ceph EXCEPT Cefadroxil and Cefazolin
2ng generation Cephalosporins
HEN PEcKS
H. Influenza Enterobacter aerogenes Neisseria Proteus mirabilis E. Coli Klebsiella Serratia marcescens
Start with Cef, don’t end with -ime/one EXCEPT Cefuroxime
3rd generation Cephalosporins
Ceftriaxone - meningitis and gonorrhea
Ceftazidime - pseudomonas
Start with Cef, ends with -ime/one EXCEPT Cefazolin
4th generation cephalosporins
Increased activity against Pseudomonas and gram positive
5th generation cephalosporin
Ceftaroline
Broad spectrum, does not cover pseudomonas
Cephalosporin toxicity
Vitamin K deficiency, nephrotoxicity with aminoglycosides
Aztreonam
MOA
Uses
ADRs
Binds to PBPs
Gram negative rods
Usually non toxic
Carbpenems
MOA
Uses
ADRs
B lactamase resistant
Wide spectrum, for life threatening infections
Used with Cilastatin (decreases inactivation in kidneys)
CNS toxicity (decreased with Meropenem)
Vancomycin
MOA
Uses
ADRs
Binding D-ala D-ala, inhibitis peptidoglycan
Gram positive, MRSA
NOT trouble free - Nephrotoxicity, Ototoxicity, Thrombophlebitis
Red man syndrome
Aminoglycoside
Examples
MOA
Uses
ADRs
GNATS - gentamicin, neomycin (bowel sx), amikacin, tobramycin, streptomycin
Inhibits initiation complex causing misreading of mRNA, Require O2
For severe gram negative rod infections
Nephrotoxicity, Neuromuscular blockade, Ototoxicty, Teratogen
Tetracylcins
Examples
MOA
Uses
ADR
Tetracycline, doxyxycline, minocycline
Binds 30s and prevents attachment of aminoacyl-tRNA
Borrelia, M. Pneumonia, Rickettsia, Chlamydia
Teeth discoloration, inhibition of bone growth, photosensitive, Contraindicated in pregnancy
Macrolides
MOA
Uses
ADRs
Azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin
Binds to 50s, blocks translation
Atypical pneumonia, Chlamydia, gram positive cocci
MACRO: Motility issues, arrhythmia, cholestatic hepatitis, rash, eosinophilia
Used for meningitis, Rocky Mountains potted fever
Blocks 50s
Causes anemia and gray baby syndrome
Chloramphenicol