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Pharmacology > Antibacterials > Flashcards

Antibacterials Flashcards

1
Q

For gram positive organisms - S. Pneumoniae, S. Pyogenes, Actinomyces

For N. Meningitides, T. Pallidum

A

Pen G, V

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2
Q

ADR of Penicillins G, V

A

Hypersensitivity, hemolytic anemia

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3
Q

Wide spectrum beta lactamase antibiotic

A

Ampicillin, amoxicillin

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4
Q

Combines with clavulanic acid

A

Ampicillin, amoxicillin

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5
Q

Treatment for HELPSS

H. Influenza
E. Coli
L. Monocytogenes
P. Mirabilis
Salmonella
Shigella
A

Ampicillin, amoxicillin

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6
Q

ADR of ampicillin, amoxicillin

A

Hypersensitivity

Pseudomembranous colitis

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7
Q

Narrow spectrum penicillin

Penicillinase resistant due to bulky R group

A

Oxacillin, nafcillin, dicloxacillin

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8
Q

Tx for S. Aureus and ADR

A

Oxacillin, nafcillin, dicloxacillin

Hypersensitivity, interstitial nephritis

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9
Q

Antipseudomonals

A

Ticarcillin, piperacillin

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10
Q

B lactamase inhibitors

A

CAST

Clavulanic Acid
Sulbactam
Tazobactam

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11
Q

Organisms not covered by Cephalosporins

A

LAME

Listeria
Atypicals
MRSA
Enterococci

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12
Q

1st generation Cephalosporins

A

PEcKs first

Proteus
E. Coli
Klebsiella
S. Aureus

Start with Ceph EXCEPT Cefadroxil and Cefazolin

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13
Q

2ng generation Cephalosporins

A

HEN PEcKS

H. Influenza
Enterobacter aerogenes
Neisseria
Proteus mirabilis
E. Coli
Klebsiella
Serratia marcescens

Start with Cef, don’t end with -ime/one EXCEPT Cefuroxime

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14
Q

3rd generation Cephalosporins

A

Ceftriaxone - meningitis and gonorrhea
Ceftazidime - pseudomonas

Start with Cef, ends with -ime/one EXCEPT Cefazolin

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15
Q

4th generation cephalosporins

A

Increased activity against Pseudomonas and gram positive

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16
Q

5th generation cephalosporin

A

Ceftaroline

Broad spectrum, does not cover pseudomonas

17
Q

Cephalosporin toxicity

A

Vitamin K deficiency, nephrotoxicity with aminoglycosides

18
Q

Aztreonam

MOA
Uses
ADRs

A

Binds to PBPs
Gram negative rods
Usually non toxic

19
Q

Carbpenems

MOA
Uses
ADRs

A

B lactamase resistant

Wide spectrum, for life threatening infections
Used with Cilastatin (decreases inactivation in kidneys)
CNS toxicity (decreased with Meropenem)

20
Q

Vancomycin

MOA
Uses
ADRs

A

Binding D-ala D-ala, inhibitis peptidoglycan
Gram positive, MRSA
NOT trouble free - Nephrotoxicity, Ototoxicity, Thrombophlebitis
Red man syndrome

21
Q

Aminoglycoside

Examples
MOA
Uses
ADRs

A

GNATS - gentamicin, neomycin (bowel sx), amikacin, tobramycin, streptomycin
Inhibits initiation complex causing misreading of mRNA, Require O2
For severe gram negative rod infections
Nephrotoxicity, Neuromuscular blockade, Ototoxicty, Teratogen

22
Q

Tetracylcins

Examples
MOA
Uses
ADR

A

Tetracycline, doxyxycline, minocycline
Binds 30s and prevents attachment of aminoacyl-tRNA
Borrelia, M. Pneumonia, Rickettsia, Chlamydia
Teeth discoloration, inhibition of bone growth, photosensitive, Contraindicated in pregnancy

23
Q

Macrolides

MOA
Uses
ADRs

A

Azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin

Binds to 50s, blocks translation
Atypical pneumonia, Chlamydia, gram positive cocci
MACRO: Motility issues, arrhythmia, cholestatic hepatitis, rash, eosinophilia

24
Q

Used for meningitis, Rocky Mountains potted fever
Blocks 50s
Causes anemia and gray baby syndrome

A

Chloramphenicol

25
Q

Blocks 50s
For anaerobic infections above the diaphragm
Causes pseudo membranous colitis

A

Clindamycin

26
Q

Sulfonamide a

Examples
MOA
Uses
ADRs

A

Sulfamethoxazole, sulfisoxazole, sulfadiazine
Inhibits folate synthesis (inhibit dihydropteroate synthase)
Gram posive/negative, Nocardia, Chlamydia, UTI
Hemolysis is G6PD deficient, Nephrotoxicity, kernicterus, displaces warfarin from albumin

27
Q

Trimethoprim

MOA
Uses
ADRs

A

Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase
UTI, salmonella, shigella, pneumocystis jirovecii and toxoplasmosis prophylaxis
Megaloblastic anemia, leukopenia, granulocytopenia

28
Q

Fluroquinolones

Examples
MOA
Uses
ADR

A

Floxacins and nalidixic acid
Inhibits DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II) and topoisomerase IV
Gram negative rods for urinary and GIT, neisseria
Tendinitis

29
Q

Metronidazole

MOA
Uses
ADRs

A

Forms free radicals that damage DNA
GET GAP: giardia, entamoeba, trichomonas, gardnerella, anaerobes, h. Pylori (anaerobic infections below the diaphragm)
Disulfiram-like reaction, metallic taste

30
Q

Isoniazid

MOA
ADR

A

Decreased mycolic acid synthesis

INH Injures Neurons and Hepatocytes: Nuerotoxicity, hepatotoxicity

31
Q

Rifamycin

MOA
ADR

A 
4Rs
RNA polymerase inhibitor
Ramps up microsomes cytochrome P450
Red orange body fluids
Rapid resistance
Ramps up cytochrome P450 BUT rifaBUTin does not
32
Q

Pyrazinamide

MOA
ADR

A

Unknown. Acidified intra cellular environment

Hyperuricemia, hepatotoxicity

33
Q

Ethambutol

MOA
ADR

A 
Blocks arabinosyltransferase
Optic neuropathy (red green color blindness)
34
Q

Binds PBPs, blocks transpeptidase

A

Pen G, V

35
Q

Penicillinase sensitive penicillins

A

Pen G, V
Ampicillin
Amoxicillin

36
Q

Penicillinase resistant penicillins

A

Oxacillin, nafcicillin, dicloxacillin

37
Q

Antipseudomonals

A

Ticarcillin

Piperacillin

Pharmacology (13 decks)

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