Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > Autonomic drugs and glaucoma drugs > Flashcards

Autonomic drugs and glaucoma drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Direct Acting Muscarinic Drugs

A

Betanechol, Pilocarpine

MOA: Inhibits M3 receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Indirect Acting Nicotinic Drugs

A

Nicotine and Varenicline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Drugs used in Alzheimer’s Disease

A

Rivastigmine, Donepazil, Tacrine, Galantamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Drug used in bowel and bladder atony

A

Betanechol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Indirect acting muscarinic receptor used for treatment of glaucoma

A

Physostigmine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Antidotes for organophosphate poisoning

A 
Atropine
Pralidoxime (should be given only within 6 hours)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Nonselective Cholinergic Antagonist

A

Atropine, Tropicamide, Homatropine, Cyclopentolate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Nonselective Cholinergic antagonist used in the treatment of Parkinsons disease

A

Benztropine, Biperiden, Trihexyphenidyl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cholinergic antagonist used in the treatment of asthma

A

Ipatropium and tiotropium

Side effect: Nasal dryness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why Ipatropium and tiotropium preferred as bronchodilators for combined COPD and heart disease patients?

A

less likely to cause tachycardia and cardiac arrhythmias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Nonselective muscarinic antagonist used in the treatment of motion sickness

A

Scopolamine (has an additional histamine and serotonin antagonistic effect)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Symptoms of atropine toxicity

A

Hot as a hare (hyperthermia)
Dry as a bone (decreased secretions and constipation)
Red as a a beet (atropine flush)
Blind as a bat (blurred vision)
Mad as a hatter (CNS toxicity, tachycardia, arrhythmia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cholinergic antagonist that blocks Nicotinic AcH receptors (ganglion blockers) used in the treatment of hypertension? Side effect?

A

Hexamethonium, Trimethaphan

Side effect: Postural Hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the difference of dopamine and norepinephrine in their action in the blood vessels?

A

Dopamine: vasodilates the renal blood vessels
Norepinephrine: vasoconstricts the renal blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Inhibitor of tyrosine hydroxylase

A

Metyrosine - prevents conversion of tyrosine to DOPA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Vesicular transport of norepinephrine and epinephrine is inhibited by what drug

A

Reserpine

MAO’s increase stores of norepinephrine and epineprhine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What drug inhibits entry of calcium which triggers interaction among SNARE proteins (VAMPs and SNAPS? What drugs promote them?

A

Inhibited by Guanethidine

Promoted by Amphetamines and Tyramine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Diffusion and reuptake of norepi and epi via NET and DAT in the synaptic cleft is inihibited by what drugs?

A

Cocaine and TCA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

MOA of Epinephrine

A

Nonselective and Direct acting Sympathomimetic (activates alpha and beta)

a1: vasoconstriction, increases BP
b1: increases heart rate, conduction and contractility (cardiac arrest)
b2: bronchodilation (anaphylaxis)

20
Q

Uses and side effects of norepinephrine

A

Neurogenic shock, cardiogenic shock (last resort)

Extreme vasospasm, tissue necrosis and extensive blood pressure increase

21
Q

Dose dependent actions of dopamine

A

Low dose: 1 - 5 mcg/kg/min - vasodilation of the splanchnic and renal vascular beds via D1 receptors (thus increase in renal blood flow)
Medium Dose: 5-15 mcg/kg/min - D1 and B2 receptors
High dose: >15 mcg/kg/min - A1 receptors

22
Q

Beta nonselective sympathomimetic drug that is used in the treatment of asthma?

A

Isoproterenol
B1: increases heart rate, conduction and velocity
B2: bronchodilation
SE: cardiovascular disturbance, arrhythmias

23
Q

Selective alpha 1 agonist used as decongestant? Side effect?

A

Phenylephrine, Pseudoephrine
SE: rebound nasal congestion
Ocular administration may cause mydriasis without cyclopegia

24
Q

Selective alpha 2 agonist (decreases central sympathetic outflow)? Side effect?

A

Clonidine

SE: rebound hypertension - Treated using Phentolamine

25
Q

Selective alpha 2 agonist used in the treatment of hypertension which causes hemolytic anemia?

A

Methyldopa

26
Q

Selective alpha 2 agonist used in the treatment of glaucoma (decreases secretion of aqueous humor)?

A

Apraclonidine, Brimonidine

27
Q

Selective beta 1 agonist used in acute heart failure and cardiogenic shock? Side effect?

A

Dobutamine
Side effect: tachyphylaxis
Other uses: Used in cardiac stress testing

28
Q

Selective beta 2 agonists used in the treatment of asthma

A

Albuterol/Salbutamol

Terbutaline and Ritodrine

29
Q

Selective beta 2 agonists used as tocolytic in preterm labor

A

terbutaline and ritodrine
Remember: beta 2 receptors - relaxation of uterine muscles vs alpha 1 and M3 receptors which causes contraction of uterine muscles

30
Q

Drugs used in the presurgical treatment of hypertension in pheochromocytoma?

A

Phenoxybenzamine and Phentolamine
MOA: nonselective alpha blockers (alpha 1>alpha2)
SE: Orthostatic hypotension

31
Q

Difference between phenoxybenzamine and phentolamine

A

Phenoxybenzamine: IRREVERSIBLE Inhibitor
Phentolamine: REVERSIBLE Inhibitor, can also be used as treatment for rebound hypertension (e.g. Clonidine)

32
Q

Selective alpha 1 receptors used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia and hypertension?

A

Prazosin, Doxazosin, Terazosin, Tamsulosin, Silodosi

Side effect: First dose orthostatic hypotension

33
Q

Most selective for prostatic smooth muscle?

A

Tamsulosin

34
Q

Nonselective beta blockers

A

Propranolol, Pindolol, Timolol, Labetalol, Carvedilol, Nadolol
SE: bronchospasm, erectile dysfunction

35
Q

Drug which has a combined alpha and beta blocker blockade (can also be used in the treatment of pheochromocytoma)

A

Labetalol

36
Q

Nonselective beta blockers which has an intrinsic sympathomimetic activity

A

Pindolol and acebutolol

37
Q

Beta blocker which has an absent Local anesthetic activity

A

timolol and betaxolol
(local anesthetic activity is disadvantageous when used in the eye topically since it can decrease protective effects and increase the risk of corneal ulcerations)

38
Q

Beta blocker which has the longest half-life

A

Nadolol

39
Q

selective beta blockers

A

Betaxolol, esmolol, acebutolol, atenolol, and metoprolol

40
Q

Selective beta blockers used for supraventricular tachycardia

A

Esmolol

41
Q

Beta blocker which has the shortest half-life

A

Esmolol

42
Q

Flow of aqueous humor

A

Ciliary body - Posterior chamber - Angle of the anterior chamber - Pupil - Anterior chamber - trabecular meshwork - canal of schlemm - Uveoscleral veins

43
Q

Drugs that cause decreased secretion of aqueous humor from the ciliary epithelium

A

Beta blocker: Timolol
Osmotic agents: Mannitol
Alpha2 agonist: Apraclonidine
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor: acetazolamide, dorzolamide

44
Q

Drugs that cause ciliary muscle contraction, opening of trabecular meshwork and increased outflow through canal of schlemm

A

Cholanomimetics: Pilocarpine, Physostigmine

45
Q

Drugs that cause increased outflow through canal of Schlemm

A

Prostaglandins: latanoprost

46
Q

Drugs that causes increased outflow via uveoscleral veins

A

Epinephrine

Pharmacology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions