Opiates

Question 1

What are opioids also known as?

Answer 1

narcotics - those that induce “addiction”

Question 2

What is the opioid mode of action?

Answer 2

reversible combination with one or more specific receptors in the brain and spinal cord

Question 3

What are five effects of opioids?

Answer 3

Analgesia
Sedation
Euphoria
Dysphoria
Excitement

Question 4

What are the four opioid groups?

Answer 4

opioid agonists, partial agonists, agonist-antagonists, or antagonists

Question 5

What are five opioid agonists?

Answer 5

Morphine
Meperidine (Demerol)		
Oxymorphone			
Oxycodone(Oxycontin)	
Fentanyl (Sublimaze)

Question 6

What is one opioid partial agonist?

Answer 6

Buphrenorphine (Buprinex)

Question 7

What four opioids have the strongest analgesic effect?

Answer 7

morphiene
fentanyl
hydromorphone
methodone

Question 8

What are four opioid agonist/antagonists?

Answer 8

Pentazocine (Talwin)
Butorphenol (Torbugesic/Torbutrol)
Nalorphine
Levallorphine

Question 9

What is one opioid antagonist?

Answer 9

Naloxone (Narcan)

Question 10

What opioid cardiopulmonary effects may occur?

Answer 10

Bradycardia
Possible hypotension
Respiratory depression is dose dependent
Apnea possible at higher doses

Question 11

What opioid GI effects may occur?

Answer 11

Salivation
Nausea
Vomiting in species that can
Defecation

Question 12

What opioid CNS effects may occur?

Answer 12

Depression – dogs – excellent sedation
Excitement – esp. cats & horses
Analgesia – before, during, or after surgery
Behavior changes
Decreased body temp – esp. dogs – panting – resets temp regulating center
Decreased urine production
Excessive sweating – horses
Cough suppression – Butorphenol, hydrocodone
Miosis in dogs and pigs; mydriasis in cats and horses
Increased response to sensory stimuli
May or may not lose consciousness
Responsive to auditory stimuli
Many defecate/some vomit/flatulence
Sedation-analgesia; ataxia &/or recumbency
Decreased ventilation/apnea may occur
Bradycardia – premed. To prevent
Analgesia
Behavioral abnormalities – after procedure
Some breeds i.e. Dobermans

Question 13

Define neuroleptanalgesia.

Answer 13

A state of CNS depression and analgesia produced by the combination of a tranquilizer or sedative and an analgesic drug
Useful in dogs, cats, horses, pigs

Question 14

What is an example of Neuroleptanalgesia drug cocktail?

Answer 14

Fentanyl + Droperidol

Useful for short operative procedures

Question 15

What effect do NSAIDS have?

Answer 15

Decrease inflammation/produce analgesia

Not on the scale of opioids

Question 16

What are nine NSAID drugs?

Answer 16

Phenylbutazone (“Bute”)
Flunixin meglamine (Banamine)
Carprofen (Rimadyl)
Ketoprofen (Ketofen)
Etodolac (Etogesic)
Deracoxib (Deramaxx)
Ibuprofen
Meloxicam (Metacam)
Previ-cox