1-19-2016 Reading Material Flashcards
Tear, Ch1, pp 2 – 4 Tear, Ch 1, pp 13 - 18 Tear, Ch 1, p 37 Tear, Ch 2, pp 54 – 60 Tear, Ch 2, pp 60 – 64 Tear, Ch 2, pp 65 – 67 Tear, Ch 2, pp 67 – 70 Tear, Ch 2, pp 70 – 75 Tear, Ch 2, pp 75 – 80 Tear, Ch 2, pp 42 - 49
What does the American Animal Hospital Association (AAHA) recommend concerning the layout of a surgical facility?
AAHA recommends three distinct and separate areas for a surgical facility - the preparation area, the scrub area, and the surgery room.
What are the AAHA recommendations concerning the preparation area?
The preparation area is used for patient preparation, storage of surgical supplies, clipping the patient, and “dirty” procedures such as abscessed wound care and treatment of impacted anal sacs.
What are the AAHA recommendations concerning the scrub area?
The scrub area is a transitional area where the veterinarian and technician can prepare to move into the surgery room. It is a small area with a scrub sink, autoclave and room to gown and glove.
What are the AAHA recommendations concerning the surgery room?
The surgery room should be a dedicated room reserved for clean surgical procedures, and not used for other types of procedures that may introduce bacteria into the room. It should be easily cleanable and be able to be closed off as needed. If possible, the air pressure should be greater in the surgery room to reduce the influx of bacteria from the rest of the veterinary facility.
How and when should permanent equipment be cleaned?
These items should be wiped down daily before surgery with a cloth dampened with isopropyl alcohol or some other disinfectant.
How and when should movable equipment be cleaned?
If removed from the surgery room, removable equipment must be cleaned and disinfected thoroughly before being returned to the surgery room.
What are some examples of patient warming devices?
circulating warm water blankets, heating pads, Bair Hugger, rice sock
What is the purpose of using patient warming devices?
to reduce hypothermia which can occur during surgery
What is the advantage of using a split top surgical table?
The split top table has the double advantage of a tray under the space in the table to collect any fluid that may run off the surgical field and the ability to be adjusted to help maintain the patient in dorsal recumbency.
What is a necessary feature of a surgical table?
Surgical tables should have the capability to be raised and lowered and to tilt in one direction.
What is a disadvantage of a solid top surgical table?
fluids may pool on the tabletop and can soil the patient
What is the purpose of the electrocautery tool?
to use electricity via a special hand piece to cut or coagulate vessels
What is necessary when performing monopolar electrosurgery?
a ground plate must be placed under the patient
Why is alcohol never used to saturate the sponge that is placed between the ground plate and the patient?
alcohol may combust and lead to patient burns or fire
Why is a ground plate not necessary for bipolar electrosurgery?
bipolar electrosurgery utilizes a hand piece that looks like thumb tissue forceps; as the hand piece is activated electric current passes from one tip to the other
Define suction.
Suction can be defined as the abiity to remove fluid or air from an area by using either a manual or a mechanical device.
What may be used to apply suction?
a syringe, a bulb syringe, or a mechanical pump
For application in surgery, a mechanical pup is most frequently used.
What are some risks associated with suction?
Inappropriately low vacuum settings will not adequately suction the field and inappropriately high vacuum settings may damage tissue.
What type of instrument pack will suffice for most surgical procedures?
a general soft tissue pack
What is the purpose of setting up the surgical suite in advance?
to minimize the traffic in and out of the surgery room for reasons of maintaining sterility and time management
What is a good rule to follow when scheduling surgical procedures?
schedule cases from cleanest to dirtiest, taking into consideration the difficulty and anticipated length of the procedure
What factors should be taken into consideration when scheduling surgical procedures?
patient status, difficulty, length of procedure, contamination risk, equipment needs and turnover
What benefit does the placement of an IV catheter offer the patient?
easier to recieve multiple IV medications
What length of time are peripheral catheters appropriate for?
short term use 1-3 days
When should a central line jugular catheter be placed?
for long term use greater then 3 days, extended fluid therapy, or systemic monitoring
Where are peripheral catheters most often placed in the canine patient?
cephalic and lateral saphenous veins
What sites are most often used to place a peripheral catheter in the feline patient?
cephalic, medial saphenous, and femoral vein
What supplies are required for the placement of an IV catheter?
IV fluid bag, cotton balls and scrub product, IV fluid administration set, IV catheters, gauze squares, tape, and clippers
What are the three most common types of IV catheters?
over the needle, through the needle, and the butterfly catheter
When and where is the over the needle type of catheter used?
short term and surgical catheters, usually placed in a peripheral vein
When and where is the butterfly catheter most useful?
when vascular access is required for medications that need to be administered once (as in outpatient treatments) and slowly (ie over 1-3 minutes)
butterfly catheters are not intended to remain in a patient that is not being directly monitored
When and where is the through the needle catheter type most used?
through the needle catheters are often placed in the jugular veins of animals that will need intensive nursing care postoperatively
What five factors influence the choice of catheter size?
site of placement, length of time the catheter will be needed, reason for placement, diameter of the vessel, and the length of the vessel working area
When may an injection cap be placed?
injection caps may be placed on the catheter if occasional injections or blood sample collections are anticipated
What purpose do t-ports/t-sets serve?
they serve the same purpose as an injection cap and also allow easier access to the catheter
When is a fluid administration set used?
if continuous infusion of fluids or iv medications is anticipated and the set can be connected to the t-port
Why may an extension set be used?
may be used in conjunction with an administration set to allow for better animal mobility in the cage postoperatively
How long should the pieces of tape used to secure the catheter be?
long enough to encircle the patient’s neck or limb - three pieces of 1 inch and 1/2 inch tape are used in varying order
