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General Peds Boards > Ophtho > Flashcards

Ophtho Flashcards

1
Q

Age that kids can fixate on objects

A

6 weeks

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2
Q

Age that kids can see color

A

2 months

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3
Q

Age that binocular vision with convergence ability starts

A

Age 3

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4
Q

Pendular nystagmus (equal velocity movements in both directions), intermittent head tilt, nodding/head bobibng

A

Spasmus nutans - self resolves

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5
Q

Loss of visual acuity due to active cortical suppresion of the vision of one eye

A

Ablyopia

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6
Q

Inward turning eye

A

Esotropia

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7
Q

Outward turning eye

A

Exotropia

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8
Q

Formal name for farsightedness

A

Hyperopia

- most children have this in mild form, most common refractive state seen in a 3 year old

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9
Q

Misalignment of one eye in relation to the other

A

Strabismus

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10
Q

Complications of untreated strabismus if not treated by age 6

A

Amblyopia (loss of use of nondominant eye and permanent loss of binocular vision)

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11
Q

At what age should you refer a patient for strabismus

A

4 months - can be normal up until then

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12
Q

Causes of pseudostrabismus

A

Extra skin that covers the inner corner of the eye, broad/flat nose, eyes set unusually close together or far apart

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13
Q

What should you screen for if you see a port wine stain

A

Glaucoma (commonly on the same side of the face)

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14
Q

Tearing lacrimation, photophobia, blepharospasm (excessive blinking), corneal clouding, redness, edema

A

Congenital glaucoma

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15
Q

What percentage of congenital cataracts are inherited

A

50% - often autosomal dominant

  • Also assess for CMV, rubella, galactosemia
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16
Q

Cause/treatment of styes

A
  • Inflammation or infection of sebaceous glands, often Staph (red and painful)
  • Tx with warm compresses and possibly topical antibiotics, if no improvement then I&D
17
Q

Cause of chalazion

A

Chronic inflammation (NOT INFECTION) of sebaceous gland around the eye, these are painless

18
Q

Redness around the eye, vision is affected, proptosis, pain with eye movements

A

Orbital cellulitis

  • Caused by spread of skin infections, insect bites, sinusitis, URI, dental infections
  • Staph aureus is most common (but can also be HiB, strep, etc)
  • May need CT
  • Tx with IV antibiotics and ophtho consult
19
Q

Redness around the eye without painful eye movements

A 
Periorbital cellulitis (but can progress to orbital)
- Treat with oral antibiotics
20
Q

Photophobia, tearing, intermittent sharp pain on the eye

A

Corneal abrasion

  • Can have irregular red reflex
  • Diagnose with fluorescein stain
  • Tx with topical antibiotics
21
Q

Retina image: optic disc with waxy pallor in center, narrow arterioles coming off optic disc, retinal pigment deposition on periphery

A

Retinitis pigmentosa

22
Q

Flame shaped hemorrhages on retina image

A

Retinal hemorrhages - NAT

23
Q

Screening indication for ROP

A
  • Birthweight < 1500 grams or GA less than 32 weeks
  • Birthweight 1500-2000 grams with unstable clinical course

Screening is done at 31-34 weeks GA or 4-6 weeks after birth, whichever is later

24
Q

Biggest risk factor for ROP

A
  • Preemie (< 28 weeks) or VLBW (oxygen can contribute but not the biggest risk)
25
Q

Retina image: broad thick ridge, avascular retina, site of neovascularization

A

Retinopathy of prematurity

26
Q

What to do if presented with conjunctivitis and patient has contact lenses or recently took them out

A

Refer to ophtho

27
Q

Causes of acute bacterial conjunctivitis

A

S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. pneumoniae, M. catarrhalis, Pseudomonas (Hib if underimmunized)
- Treat with topical antibiotics but will resole on its own too

28
Q

Severe extremely purulent discharge or pseudomembrane formation of the eye

A

N. gonorrhea or N. meningitidis conjunctivitis

- Requires IV antibiotics and ophtho referral

29
Q

MCC viral conjunctivitis

A

Adenovirus

  • No drops needed
  • SUPER contagious
30
Q

Viral vs allergic conjunctivitis

A
  • Viral usually in one eye to start

- Allergic usually in both eyes

31
Q

Systemic diseases that can start with conjunctivitis

A
  • Kawasaki: non-purulent bacterial perilimbal sparing conjunctivitis
  • Measles: exudative conjunctivitis
  • JIA: uveitis
32
Q

Buzzwords for needing referral to ophtho

A
  • Pupil irregularity

- Significantly reduced visual acuity

33
Q

Treatment of hyphema (collection of blood between cornea and iris after eye trauma)

A
  • Ophtho referral

- Bed rest with head of bed at 30 degree angle

34
Q

Blunt trauma to the eye, double vision when looking to one side, dysconjugate gaze to one side

A

Fracture of orbital wall or floor

General Peds Boards (24 decks)

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