GI/Nutrition Flashcards
Signs/symptoms of cyclic vomiting syndrome
- MC in ages 3-7, equal in both sexes
- Diagnostic criteria: two or more periods of intense nausea and paroxysmal vomiting that last for hours to days in a 6 month period, episodes are stereotypical, episodes are separated by weeks to months with return to baseline between episodes
Treatment of cyclic vomiting syndrome
- Cyproheptadine (antihistamine) for kids 5 or younger
- Amitriptyline for kids 6 and older
- Supplementation with coenzyme Q10 and L-carnitine can be good for prophylaxis
Secondary lactose intolerance cause and diagnosis
- Cause: damage to villi in small intestine following acute gastroenteritis but also with celiac disease, IBD, autoimmune conditions, or chemo
- Symptoms: diarrhea, bloating, pain, gas, nausea
- Diagnosis: elevated stool reducing substances
Presentation of celiac disease in type 1 DM
- Recurrent hypoglycemia
- Can also have lack of weight gain and stomach aches
Vitamin E deficiency symptoms
Ataxia, hyporeflexia, limitation of eye movements, abnormal proprioception, muscle weakness
Neonatal GER gets better at what age
12 months - resolves in 95% of patients
Vitamin A name
Retinol
- Absorbed in terminal ileum, stored in liver
Vitamin E name
Tocopherol (Toke-of-E-rol)
Vitamin K name
Phylloquinone
- Absorbed in jejunum
- Newborns are deficient because insufficient intestinal bacteria
Vitamin B1 name
Thiamine
Vitamin B2 name
Riboflavin
Vitamin B3 name
Niacin
Vitamin B5 name
Pantothenic Acid
Vitamin B6 name
Pyridoxine
Vitamin B9 name
Folate
Vitamin B12 name
Cyanocobalamin
- Binds intrinsic factor, absorbed in terminal ileum, stored in liver
Vitamin C
Ascorbic acid
Most common cause worldwide of blindness in young children
Vitamin A deficiency - can also lead to dryness of the eyes
Vitamin cause of pseudotumor cerebri
Vitamin A toxicity (think of this if a teenager is on isotretinoin for acne)
Vitamin cause of macrocytic anemia, large tongue
- Vitamin B9 (folate) deficiency
- Vegetarians are at risk and if child is on goat’s milk
Vitamin cause of macrocytic anemia and pernicious anemia
- Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) deficiency
- Vegans, parasitic infections, IBD, NEC are risk factors
Vitamin cause of scurvy, bleeding gums, leg tenderness, poor wound healing
Vitamin C deficiency
Vitamin cause of oxalate and cysteine nephrocalcinosis
Vitamin C intoxication
Vitamin cause of hemolytic anemia in preemies
Vitamin E deficiency