Ophthalmology pics Flashcards
Anatomy of the eye
Nasal aqueduct and lacrimal gland
How does short sightedness/myopia work?
How does long sightedness work?
What is orbital fat,what is it involved in?
Fat around the eye
Can be injuried- causes disease after trauma
What is Graves’s orbitopathy
Can cause optic nerve compression, inflammation, red eye
Swellng in closed orbit- causes proptosis
Picture: sight threatening thyroid eye disease
How can a lymphangioma tumour affect the eye?
add pic
Embyrology of eye
What embryological abnormalities can affect the eye?
Eye is an OUTPOUCHING OF FORE BRAIN- is formed at four weeks
Pathology:
Clefting [facial formation] syndrome
Lazy eye
what eye problem is screened for in school
lazy eye
Definition of blindness
Definition of blindness
- cannot do any work for which eyesight is needed
A visual acuity from 3/60 to 6/60 and full visual field
or impaired visual field
[Up to 6/24 with moderate restriction of visual field, opacities in the media or aphakia
or • 6/18 or better with a gross field defect (eg hemianopia) or a marked constriction of the field (eg glaucoma or retinitis pigmentosa)]
How does trachoma spread?
Infectious disease- chlamydia trachomatis
Spread by flies
- Inflammation of conjunctiva
- Scarring and shrinking of conjunctiva
- eyelashes inwards
- Scratches cornea
- Corneal scarring/opacity
- Blindness
Anatomy of the orbit and extra ocular muscles
Nasal aqueduct and lacrimal gland on side
Muscle
Bony “box” of orbit- contains everything
What happens in an orbital fracture?
Eye is pulled inwards- enopthalmos
Eye muscle [inferior rectus] is trapped by bone- can’t move eye up
Will need surgery to remove trapped muscle
What is an iris coloboma?
During eye development, optic vesicle doesn’t fuse properly
Pupil not round
What is a retinal coloboma?
During eye development, optic vesicle doesn’t fuse properly
When does lazy eye develop?
In the first seven years of life
- if eye doesn’t develop properly
- if refractive errors aren’t corrected with glasses
How does the eye develop from the age of 0-7 years?
What percentage of visual impairment is avoidable?
80%
