Ophthalmology 3rd year Quiz Flashcards
6 extra ocular muscles attach to it
Sclera
Avascular structure, receives nutrients and oxygen from aqueous humour
Cornea
Responsible for aqueous humour drainage
Trabecular Meshwork
Produces aqueous humour
Ciliary Body
Reflects off anterior surface of the sclera to cover under sides of eyelids
Conjunctiva
Motor innervation of superior oblique muscle
CN 4 Trochlear
Motor innervation of superior rectus
CN 3 Oculomotor
Sensory innervation of the eye
CN 5 Trigeminal
Responsible for vision of the eye
CN 2 Optic
Motor innervation of lateral rectus muscle
CN 6 Abducens
Most likely condition?
Sudden painful eye, blurred vision, headache, nausea, red eye, hazy cornea, pupil semi-dilated, IOC >50mmHg
Acute angle closure Glaucoma
Most likely condition?
Red eye, very painful, patient wakes up from sleep, pain radiates to forehead/brow/jaw, pain worse on eye movement, reduced vision
Scleritis
Most likely condition?
Unilateral red eye, painful, photophobia, reduced blurred vision, constricted pupil, IOC normal or raised, lacrimation, keratic precipitates
Anterior Uveitis
Most likely condition?
Bilateral red eye gritty eye pain, discharge from eye, normal vision, pupil and IOC
Conjunctivitis
Most likely condition?
Itchy burning eye, inflamed lid margin, can be asymptomatic, normal vision
Blepharitis
Most likely condition?
Unilateral Red eye, reduced vision, discharge, sensation of foreign body, photophobia, lacrimation, normal pupil
Keratitis
Most likely condition?
Excessive tearing, red sclera, recurrent eye infection, painful swelling near coruncle, blurred vision
Blocked Nasolacrimal Duct
Class of drug for eyes:
Chloramphenicol and Levofloxacin
Antibiotics
Class of drug for eyes:
Aciclovir
Antiviral
Class of drug for eyes:
Pilocarpine
Miotics
Class of drug for eyes:
Timolol
Beta blocker
Class of drug for eyes:
Prednisolone
Steroid
Class of drug for eyes:
Acetazolamide
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Class of drug for eyes:
Atropine
Mydriatics
Class of drug for eyes:
Briomidine
Sympathomimetics
Commonest cause of Uveitis
idiopathic
Commonest cause of Conjunctivitis
Adenovirus
Common cause of conjunctivitis in AIDs patients
Molluscum Contagiosum
Common cause of Blepharitis
Staph Aureus
Common cause of Keratitis
Herpes Simplex
Cause of blocked nasolacrimal duct
Tumour in the nose/injury/age
Alternative bacterial causes of Uveitis
Syphilis and J: Lyme’ Disease
Presentation of retinal detachment
Asymptomatic, painless, floaters, flashes, progressive visual field loss, RAPD positive
Presentation of Amaurosis Fugax
Painless temporary loss of vision in 1 or both eyes
Presentation of Diabetic eye disease
Gradual painless central vision loss
Presentation of Thyroid eye disease
Pre-orbital aching, red irritated eye, diplopia, mild photphobia and painful eye movement
Presentation of CN3 nerve palsy
Diplopia, ptosis and eye diverges
Presentation of Horner’s syndrome
Miosis, partial ptosis, hemifacial anhidrosis
Presentation of Optic Neuritis
Reduced vision, eye pain on movements, impaired colour vision, light flashes, RAPD positive, scotoma
Diabetic Retinopathy staging description of: Background
Micro-aneurysms, dots and blots, hard exudate
Diabetic Retinopathy staging description of: pre-proliferative
Soft exudate present
Diabetic Retinopathy staging description of: proliferative
New vessels form around the optic disc
Diabetic Retinopathy staging description of: diabetic maculopathy
Things encroach on the macula
Hypertensive retinopathy: Stage 1
Vascular attenuation –narrowing, increased tortuosity
Hypertensive retinopathy: Stage 2
Salu’s sign –AV nipping, silver copper wiring
Hypertensive retinopathy: Stage 3
Retinal oedema, cotton wool spots, flame and splinter, hard and soft exudate
Hypertensive retinopathy: Stage 4
Papilloedema
