Ophthalmology

Question 1

Congrous defect =

Answer 1

Macula sparing
Indicates lesion of the radiations or cortex

Question 2

What is Charles Bonnet syndrome associated with?

Answer 2

Macular Degeneration

Question 3

Scleritis VS Episcleritis

Answer 3

Scleritis = WORSE, autoimmune, subacute, severe pain worse on eye movement, blanches with phenylepi.
Needs management with systemic steroids

Episcleritis = idiopathic, acute onset, mild pain, grittiness, does not blanch
Treat with PO NSAIDs

Question 4

What is the uvea?
Anterior vs posterior

Answer 4

Uvea = iris, ciliary body, choroid
Anterior = iris and/or ciliary body
Posterior = choroid

Question 5

Presentation of anterior uveitis (3)

Answer 5

Ciliary injection
Blurred vision
Photophobia

Question 6

Keratitis
- association
- presentation (3)

Answer 6

= inflammation of cornea
Associated with contact lens use
= foreign body sensation, red eye, discharge

Question 7

Endophthalmitis
- association
- presentation (3)

Answer 7

= severe inflammation of anterior and posterior chambers
Associated with ocular operation
= severe pain, red eye, hypopyon

Question 8

Presentation of thyroid eye disease (4)

Answer 8

Proptosis
Diplopia
Reduced visual acuity
Lid retraction

Question 9

Investigation for orbital cellulitis

Answer 9

CT orbit + paranasal sinuses

Question 10

Management of diabetic maculopathy

Answer 10

Involves fovea - anti-VEGF injections
Doesn’t involve fovea - laser photocoagulation

Question 11

Indication for urgent ophthalmology referral in Grave’s disease

Answer 11

Change in colour vision/colour differentiation
= possible retinal damage, urgent