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1MRCP Part 1 > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Horseshoe Kidney
- What is it?
- What is the associated problem?

A

= fusion of inferior poles of kidney
Can result in urinary obstruction due to altered course of urethra

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2
Q

Where would you test for C7 dermatome?

A

Middle finger - palmar or dorsal surface

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3
Q

Hypothenar muscle supply

A

Deep Ulnar

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4
Q

Thenar muscle supply

A

Recurrent branch of median

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5
Q

Control of finger flexion

A

Median/ulnar nerve

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6
Q

Control of thumb movement

A

Ulnar nerve

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7
Q

Erb-Duchenne Palsy

A

C5-6 damage

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8
Q

Klumpke’s Palsy

A

T1 damage
= claw hand, no ulnar supply to intrinsic hand muscles

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9
Q

Radial Nerve
- Cord
- Loss of functions
- Associations

A

Posterior cord
Functions
= wrist drop, loss of extension, anaesthesia on dorsum of hand
Associated with humeral neck #

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10
Q

Median Nerve
- Loss of functions
- Associations

A

Loss = weak wrist flexion, no prontation
Associated with ALS, carpal tunnel, diabetes, polyarteritis nodosa

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11
Q

Why is ulnar nerve palsy less severe in 3rd and 4th digits?

A

There is dual nerve supply to these digits

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11
Q

Ulnar Nerve
- Loss of functions
- Associations

A

Claw hand, hypothenar wasting
Associated with wrist laceration, carpal tunnel/elbow injury

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11
Q

Median Nerve and forearm flexors

A

Innervate nearly all EXCEPT only half of FDP

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12
Q

Parasympathetic outflow

A

Cranial = CN III, VII, IX, X
Vagus supplies the thorax and abdomen
Sacral = S1-S3

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13
Q

Spinal roots
- Dorsal vs ventral
- Difference between roots and rami

A

Dorsal = sensory fibres
Ventral = motor fibres
Rami - contain both types of fibre, dorsal ramus and ventral ramus

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14
Q

Dorsal column
- modality carried
- spilt into…

A

Modality = conscious proprioception, fine touch, vibration
Split = gracilus (lower limb), cuneatus (upper limb)

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15
Q

Spinothalamic tract
- modality carried
- split into…

A

Pain and temperature - lateral
Crude touch and pressure - anterior

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16
Q

What carries vibration, fine touch and conscious proprioception?

A

Dorsal column

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17
Q

What carries pain, temperature sense?

A

Lateral spinothalamic

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18
Q

What carries crude touch and pressure?

A

Anterior spinothalamic

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19
Q

Corticospinal tract
- modality carried
- split into…

A

Fine precise movement
Anterior and lateral - lateral fibres have decussated (switched sides) higher up

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20
Q

Where is responsible for chorea and Hutington’s Disease?

A

Caudate nucleus

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21
Q

Where is responsible for Parkinson’s Disease?

A

Substantia nigra

22
Q

What is contained in the straiatum

A

Caudate nucleus
Putamen
Pallidus

23
Q

What supplies the medial surface of the brain

A

Anterior cerebral artery

23
Q

Posterior superior temporal gyrus?

A

Wernicke’s area

24
Q

What supplies Broca’s area?

A

Middle cerebral artery

24
Q

Where is Broca’s area?

A

Dominant (left) frontal lobe
Broadmann 44 and 45 area
Inferior frontal gyrus

25
Q

Where is Wernicke’s area?

A

Temporal lobe
Posterior superior temporal gyrus

26
Q

Inferior frontal gyrus?

A

Broca’s area

27
Q

Where is the auditory cortex?

A

Temporal lobe

28
Q

Where is the visual cortex?

A

Occipital lobe

29
Q

Central gyrus - divides…

A

Precentral - motor cortex
Postcentral - sensory cortex

30
Q

What secretes CSF?
How much is produced/day?

A

Choroid plexus
100-150ml/day

31
Q

What absorbs CSF?

A

Arachnoid villa

32
Q

Bitemporal hemianopia - where is lesion?

A

Optic chiasm

33
Q

L Homonymous Hemianopia - where is lesion?

A

R optic tract

34
Q

L superior homonymous quadrantopia - where is lesion?

A

Inferior optic radiations - temporal

35
Q

L inferior homonymous quadrantopia - where is lesion?

A

Superior optic radiations - parietal

36
Q

Homonymous hemianopia with macula sparing - where is lesion?

A

Occipital lobe

37
Q

Which CN exits at foramen rotundum?

A

CN V2

38
Q

Which CN exits at foramen ovale?

A

CN V3

39
Q

Trigeminal exit cranial fossa?

A

FRO
Superior orbital FISSURE - CN V1
ROTUNDUM - CN V2
OVALE - CN V3

40
Q

Where are the baroreceptors located?
What is their innervation?

A

Carotid - CN IX
Aortic - CN X

41
Q

Where does the thoracic aorta commence?

A

T4

42
Q

Where does the subclavian artery become the axillary artery?

A

The lateral border of the 1st rib

43
Q
A
44
Q
A
44
Q

What parts of the carotid are NOT in the carotid sheath?
What are their branches?

A

External carotid - splits into the maxillary and superficial temporal

45
Q

Where is the sympathetic trunk relative to the carotid sheath?

A

Posterior

46
Q

Where does the SVC enter the right atrium?

A

3rd costal border

47
Q

Gonadal vessels and IVC

A

Right - enter directly into the IVC
Left - enter via the left renal vein

48
Q

Trachea
- start
- bifurcation

A

Start C6
Bifurcation T4

49
Q

Causes of recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy (3)

A

Aortic aneurysm
Lung cancer - left side
Left atrial enlargement

50
Q

Duodenum
- which part is intraperitoneal?

A

1st part

51
Q

Diaphragmatic openings

A

IVC - T8
Oesophagus - T10
Aorta - T12
I ate 10 eggs at 12

52
Q

What are Roth spots associated with?

A

Carbon monoxide poisoning

1MRCP Part 1 (20 decks)

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