Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

1MRCP Part 1 > Biochemistry > Flashcards

Biochemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Where in the cell contains circular DNA?

A

Mitochondria - contains its own genome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the difference between wet and dry beriberi?
What is the nutritional deficiency

A

Wet = heart failure present
Dry = just peripheral neuropathy
Thiamine deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the diagnostic test for cystinuria?

A

Cyanide Nitroprusside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where in the cell does
- metabolism
- protein synthesis occur?

A

Cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where in the cell does protein modification occur?

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where in the cell does protein processing occur?

A

Golgi apparatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where in the cell does protein degradation occur?

A

Lysosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What part of the cell cycle does the cell spend the most time in?

A

G1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When is DNA replicated?

A

Synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Fates of absorbed glucose (3)

A

Glycolysis
Storage as glycogen
Converted to triglycerides/amino acids/lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where does glycolysis occur?
What is the aim of glycolysis?

A

Cytoplasm
Make ATP and NADPH available
Produces pyruvate - intermediary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Hexokinase vs glucokinase

A

Glucokinase is when glucose is oxidised in the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where in the cell does gluconeogenesis occur?

A

Cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Explain pentose phosphate shunt and G6PD
Aim

A

Glucose to glucose-6 phosphate
Requires G6PD
G6PD allows RBC membrane to be intact
loss = haemolysis under certain conditions
Aim = give NADPH for reduction reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Glycogen Storage Disease
- inheritance
- example

A

A recessive
McArdle’s Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where is cholesterol absorbed?
What is needed to absorb cholesterol?

A

Small intestine
Bile acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How is cholesterol transported to the liver in the blood?

A

As chylomicrons/remnants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does the liver export cholesterol as?

A

VLDL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is VLDL transformed into?

A

IDL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is IDL transformed into?

A

LDL

21
Q

Where are the LDL receptors located?

A

Hepatic tissue
Adipose tissue

22
Q

What is lipogenesis?
Where does it occur?

A

= synthesis of triglycerides
Occurs in liver and adipose tissue

23
Q

How does fat into the duodenum trigger the release of bile acids?

A

Triggers release of cholecystokinin
= contraction of gallbladder and release of bile

24
Q

2Y causes of hypercholesterolaemia (5)

A

Hypothyroidism
Jaundice 2y to biliary obstruction
Nephrotic syndrome
Pregnancy
Diabetes

25
Q

Where does lipolysis occur?
- organ
- where in the cell
- inhibited by

A

Liver and muscle
Mitochondria
Insulin

26
Q

Where does lipogenesis occur?
- organ
- where in the cell

A

Liver and adipose tissue
Cytoplasm

27
Q

What is the main function/location of cholesterol?

A

Cell membrane

28
Q

What is involved in the metabolism of cholesterol?

A

HMG-CoA reductase

29
Q

What is the main dietary lipid?

A

Triglycerides

30
Q

Dietary fat > liver - what is the process?

A

Digested in small intestine, converted into chylomicrons, processed in liver, churned out as VLDL

31
Q

Where is glycogen stored (3)?

A

Liver
Muscle
Kidney

32
Q

Pathophysiology of DKA

A

Insulin deficiency
= lack of available intracellular glucose
Excessive lipolysis to produce ketones > acidosis

33
Q

Breakdown of fatty acids =

A

Acetyl coA
Ketone bodies
= can be used by all cells except brain in exceptional conditions

34
Q

Types of membrane receptors (4)

A

Ligand gated ion channels
Voltage gated channels
G protein coupled
Tyrosine kinase receptors

35
Q
A
36
Q

Where does the urea cycle occur?

A

Liver and brain
e.g. cirrhosis - hepatic encephalopathy

37
Q

Pathophysiology of cystinuria
- presentation
- investigation

A

= defective amino acid transport
Px: malabsorption, ataxia, pellagra
Ix:cyanide nitroprusside test +VE

38
Q

Pathophysiology of homocystinuria
- presentation
- similar condition + difference

A

= collagen disorder
Px: mental retardation, marfanoid, DOWNward lens dislocation

Similar to Marfan’s, in Marfan’s the lens dislocation is UPward (because they are taller)

39
Q

What is Fanconi’s Syndrome?
- where does it effect?
- presentation (4)

A

= renal tubular acidosis
- proximal renal tubules
- amino aciduria, hyperphosphataemia, hypokalaemia, osteomalacia

40
Q

B1 =
Cause (2)
Presentation (3)

A

= thiamine
Chronic alcoholism, rice only diet
Px: dry and wet beri beri, Wernicke’s and Korsakoff syndrome

41
Q

B2 =
Presentation (2)

A

= riboflavin
Px: angular stomatitis, peripheral neuropathy

42
Q

B3 =
Causes (2)
Presentation
Similarity

A

= niacin
Chronic alcoholism, malabsorption
Px: pellagra
= diarrhoea, dementia, dermatitis
Can see neurological symptoms similar to subacute combined degeneration of cord

43
Q

B6 =
Causes (3)
Presentation

A

= pyridoxine
Alcoholics, pregnancy, isoniazid
Px: peripheral neuropathy

44
Q

Cholecalciferol > 25 hydroxycholecalciferol
- where does this occur?

A

Liver

45
Q

Presentation of hypomagnesiaemia (2)

A

Tetany
Cardiac arrhythmia

46
Q

Where is iron absorbed?
What happens there?
How is it carried in plasma?

A

Small intestine
Converted to ferritin
Carried in plasma as Fe3+ bound to transferrin

47
Q

Methahaemoglobinaemia
- problem
- causes (4)

A

= iron is oxidised to Fe3+ so cannot carry O2 in Hb

Causes = haemoglobinopathies. quinine, sulphonamides (co-trimoxazole), nitrates

48
Q

How is CO2 carried?

A

Most - bound as bicarbonate
Some is free in the plasma

1MRCP Part 1 (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions