OPHTHALMOLOGY

Question 1

Which eye has the problem in anisocoria: in bright light the problem is worsened and the L eye is appearing smaller than the right

Answer 1

Anisocoria worse in bright light implies a problem with the dilated pupil so the right eye

Question 2

What is the most likely site of damage if you have a persistently dilated pupil in the right eye?

Answer 2

Damage to the right ciliary ganglion, which contains parasympathetic nerves responsible for pupil constriction, can cause a mydriatic (dilated) right eye.

Question 3

How does a third nerve palsy present?

Answer 3

Mydraisis on afefcted side
Ptosis
Down and out eye deviation

(Double vision and difficult with eye movement)

Question 4

What is a holmes-adie pupil?

Answer 4

Unilateral large pupil
Absent light reflex
Does accommodate but its slow to dilate following constriction

Question 5

what causes a holmes-adie pupil?

Answer 5

Damage to postganglionic fibers in the ciliary ganglion

Question 6

What is traumatic iridoplegia and what is the pathophysiology behind it?

Answer 6

Persistent pupil dilation due to trauma
Caused by damage to the iris sphincter muscle

Question 7

What is holmes-adie syndrome?

Answer 7

Holmes-adie pupil with absent ankle and knee reflexes

Question 8

How does an Argyll-Robertson pupil present?

Answer 8

Absent light reflex
Accommodation reflex present
Small pupil

Question 9

Risk factors for scleritis?

Answer 9

RA
SLE
Sarcoidosis
GPA

Question 10

Symptoms of scleritis?

Answer 10

red eye
classically painful (in comparison to episcleritis), but sometimes only mild pain/discomfort is present
watering and photophobia are common
gradual decrease in vision

Question 11

What are conditions associated with anterior uveitis?

Answer 11

Ankylosing spondylitis
RA
IBD
Behçet’s disease
Sarcoidosis : may cause B/L disease