Ophthalmic and Otic

Question 1

Mydriatics/Cycloplegics

Answer 1

Dosage Forms: Atropine sulfate

Question 2

Mydriasis

Answer 2

Dilation of pupil

Question 3

Cycloplegic

Answer 3

paralyze ciliary body and decrease pain

Question 4

Miotics

Answer 4

Cholinergic drugs constrict pupil and reduce intraocular pressure by increasing outflow of aqueous humor

USES: reduce intraocular pressure in glaucoma

Dosage Forms:
-Pilocarpine

Question 5

Miosis

Answer 5

pupillary constriction

Question 6

Glaucoma

Answer 6

In untreated -> retina damage/blindness

-Increased intraocular pressure

Question 7

Glaucoma Drugs

Answer 7

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

Dosage Forms:

• Dichlorphenamide (Daranide)
• Acetazolamide (Diamox)

Beta-adrenergic blockers

Dosage Forms:
-Timolol (Timoptic)-used to prevent bilateral disease

Question 8

Topical Anesthetic

Answer 8

used during procedures or examinations of the eye

Dosage Forms:
-Proparacaine hydrochloride (Ophthaine)

Question 9

Ophthalmic Stains

Answer 9

Fluorescein dye: adheres to areas of corneal loss/ diagnoses corneal ulcers/lacerations

Question 10

Cyclosporine(Optimmune)

Answer 10

USES: Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) to suppress the immune system

In dogs: increases tear production

NOT EFFECTIVE IN CATS

Question 11

Combination antibiotics

Answer 11

Common dosage forms:
-Vetropolycin and Trioptic-P

Used in the treatment and prevention of ocular bacterial infections

Treats: conjunctivitis, corneal ulcers and wounds, some forms of keratitis etc..

Question 12

Triple antibiotics with hydrocortisone

Answer 12

Common Types: Vetropolycin HC and Trioptic-S

• an antibiotic with a steroid
• most commonly used to treat conjunctivitis

SHOULD NOT BE USED IN DOGS WITH CORNEAL ULCERS

SHOULD NOT BE USED ON CATS WITH CONJUNCTIVITIS

Question 13

Oxytetracycline

Answer 13

Terramycin

-antibiotic that inhibits bacteria by suppressing protein synthesis and growth (bacteriostatic)

ONLY APPROVED FOR LIVESTOCK, EXTRA-LABEL FOR ALL OTHERS

• Used to treat conjunctivitis in cats
• not to be used in pregnant animals

Question 14

Viroptic

Answer 14

topical antiviral agent

-treats conjunctival and corneal disease associated with feline herpesvirus

• not commonly used in dogs
• extra-label

Question 15

Otic preperations

Answer 15

many of these drugs should not be used in the presence of a ruptured ear drum

Question 16

Otic cleansing Agents

Answer 16

USES: clean ears of cerumen (earwax) and debris and provide odor control

Dosage Forms:

• Epi-Otic
• Oti-Clens
• Novalsan Otic

Question 17

Otic anti-infectious agents

Answer 17

Topical antibiotic otic drugs
-treats bacterial infections

Dosage Forms:

• Gentamycin sulfate(otomax, Gentocin Otic Solution, Mometamax)
  
  • -> ototoxicity is potential side effect-tympanic membrane must be intact

Question 18

Topical Antibiotic otic drugs

Answer 18

• Neomycin Sulfate (Tresaderm, Panalog)

- Enrofloxacin (Baytril Otic)

Question 19

Otic antiparasitic agents

Answer 19

Ear mites: otodectes cynotis

Dosage Forms:

• Ivermectin(Acarexx)
• Milbemycin (MilbeMite)
• Selamectin (Revolution)

Question 20

Otic anti-inflammatory

Answer 20

Fluocinolone + DMSO (synotic)

-avoid contact with hands-wear gloves and wash hands)