Ophthalmic and Otic Flashcards
Mydriatics/Cycloplegics
Dosage Forms: Atropine sulfate
Mydriasis
Dilation of pupil
Cycloplegic
paralyze ciliary body and decrease pain
Miotics
Cholinergic drugs constrict pupil and reduce intraocular pressure by increasing outflow of aqueous humor
USES: reduce intraocular pressure in glaucoma
Dosage Forms:
-Pilocarpine
Miosis
pupillary constriction
Glaucoma
In untreated -> retina damage/blindness
-Increased intraocular pressure
Glaucoma Drugs
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Dosage Forms:
- Dichlorphenamide (Daranide)
- Acetazolamide (Diamox)
Beta-adrenergic blockers
Dosage Forms:
-Timolol (Timoptic)-used to prevent bilateral disease
Topical Anesthetic
used during procedures or examinations of the eye
Dosage Forms:
-Proparacaine hydrochloride (Ophthaine)
Ophthalmic Stains
Fluorescein dye: adheres to areas of corneal loss/ diagnoses corneal ulcers/lacerations
Cyclosporine(Optimmune)
USES: Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) to suppress the immune system
In dogs: increases tear production
NOT EFFECTIVE IN CATS
Combination antibiotics
Common dosage forms:
-Vetropolycin and Trioptic-P
Used in the treatment and prevention of ocular bacterial infections
Treats: conjunctivitis, corneal ulcers and wounds, some forms of keratitis etc..
Triple antibiotics with hydrocortisone
Common Types: Vetropolycin HC and Trioptic-S
- an antibiotic with a steroid
- most commonly used to treat conjunctivitis
SHOULD NOT BE USED IN DOGS WITH CORNEAL ULCERS
SHOULD NOT BE USED ON CATS WITH CONJUNCTIVITIS
Oxytetracycline
Terramycin
-antibiotic that inhibits bacteria by suppressing protein synthesis and growth (bacteriostatic)
ONLY APPROVED FOR LIVESTOCK, EXTRA-LABEL FOR ALL OTHERS
- Used to treat conjunctivitis in cats
- not to be used in pregnant animals
Viroptic
topical antiviral agent
-treats conjunctival and corneal disease associated with feline herpesvirus
- not commonly used in dogs
- extra-label
Otic preperations
many of these drugs should not be used in the presence of a ruptured ear drum
Otic cleansing Agents
USES: clean ears of cerumen (earwax) and debris and provide odor control
Dosage Forms:
- Epi-Otic
- Oti-Clens
- Novalsan Otic
Otic anti-infectious agents
Topical antibiotic otic drugs
-treats bacterial infections
Dosage Forms:
- Gentamycin sulfate(otomax, Gentocin Otic Solution, Mometamax)
- -> ototoxicity is potential side effect-tympanic membrane must be intact
Topical Antibiotic otic drugs
- Neomycin Sulfate (Tresaderm, Panalog)
- Enrofloxacin (Baytril Otic)
Otic antiparasitic agents
Ear mites: otodectes cynotis
Dosage Forms:
- Ivermectin(Acarexx)
- Milbemycin (MilbeMite)
- Selamectin (Revolution)
Otic anti-inflammatory
Fluocinolone + DMSO (synotic)
-avoid contact with hands-wear gloves and wash hands)
