Chapter 8 review questions Flashcards
List 3 general functions of the GI tract
Entry of food and fluid into the body, absorption of nutrients, and excretion of waste products
List 3 examples of monogastric animals.
Dogs, cats, primates
What is the GI configuration of ruminant animals?
Ruminants have a system of forestomachs, including the reticulum, rumen, and omasum, which allows them to digest coarse plant material, as well as a true stomach (abomasum)
What is the difference between vomiting and regurgitation?
Regurgitation is a normal process of ruminants that permits them to bring up partially digested foodstuff for rechewing. Vomiting is the forcible expulsion of gastic contents and is generally considered to be pathologic.
Ruminants are animals that use ____ to digest coarse plant material.
Mircoorganisms in the rumen
What are the 3 basic control mechanisms of the GI tract?
The autonomic nervous system, hormonal control, and chemical control(ex: histamine, prostaglandin, and others)
What is the significance of the presence of bacterial endotoxins in the GI tract?
Bacterial endotoxins may increase the permeability of intestinal blood vessels, resulting in increased fluid loss. They also may induce fever and initiate shock.
The CRTZ stimulates vomiting when activated by _______.
Chemical substances (digitalis compounds, urea, ketone bodies, and others) and impulses from the inner ear.
List 2 examples of centrally acting emetics and 2 examples of peripherally acting emetics.
Centrally Acting:
-apomorphine and xylazine
Peripherally Acting:
-syrup of ipecac and mustard
Drugs that inhibit vomiting are called
Antiemetics
H2 receptor antagonists promote the healing of GI ulcers by _____
Reducing the secretion of hydrochloric acid by gastric mucosal cells
List two H2 receptor Antagonists.
Cimetidine and ranitidine
What are the two types of intestinal motility patterns?
Peristalsis (a wave of contraction) and segmentation (a mixing action)
Acute vomiting and diarrhea in dogs and cats often respond to conservative management such as ___
withholding of food for 12 to 24 hours
List two species that do not vomit
rats and horses
What is the mechanism of action of saline/hyperosmotic laxatives?
by retaining water osmotically in the gut, these agents cause softening of the stool.
What is the active ingredient of Metamucil?
Pysllium
Direct cholinergic drugs stimulate the GI tract by what mechanism?
by mimicking the effect of acetylcholine
A synthetic antibiotic/antiinflammatory agent used to treat giardiasis and anaerobic bacterial infection in animals is called ____
Metronidazole
List 4 products used as dentifrice/oral cleansing agents.
C.E.T., Nolvadent, Oral Dent, and oxydent
What is the difference between peristalsis and segmentation?
Peristalsis refers to a wave of contraction that moves contents along, and segmentation refers to intestinal constrictions that mix contents.
Stimulation of the parasympathetic portion of the ANS decreases intestinal motility. T/F
False
About what percent of the stomachs contents do emetics usually remove?
80%
How does sucralfate work to treat/prevent gastric ulcers?
By forming a pastelike barrier over the surface of gastric ulcers
Bismuth subsalicylate compounds should be used with caution in what species?
Felines
Basic functions of the GI tract:
intake of food and fluid nto the body, absorption of nutrients and fluid, excretion of waste products
What species has no gallbladder?
equines
Ruminants remasticate food to facilitate the digestion process. T/F
True
The crop in birds is used for _____
Food storage
Parts of the small intestine:
duodenum, jejunum, ileum
____ is an emetic.
Apomorphine
Cimetidine is ____
H2 receptor antagonist
_____ are substances that loosen bowel contents and encourage their evacuation.
Laxatives
Mg sulfate is found in ____
Epsom Salts
Viokase-V powder is ___
digestive enzyme, and approved for use in dogs and cats
