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Pharmacology > Endocrine and reproductive drugs > Flashcards

Endocrine and reproductive drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What is the master control gland?

A

Pituitary

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2
Q

Anterior Pituitary

adenohypophysis

A

secretes TSH,ACTH, GH(BST), FSH, LH, LTH (PROLACTIN), BST

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3
Q

Posterior pituitary

neurohypophysis

A

secretes ADH (vasopressin) and OXY

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4
Q

Stages of estrus cycle

A

Proestrus: period of cycle before receptive; FSH

Estrus: female is receptive; FSH lower and LH higher; follicle ruptures

Metestrus: no longer receptive; CL forms and produces progesterone if pregnant

Diestrus: short phase of inactivity between cycles in polyestrus animals

Anestrus: sexually quiescen; long phase in seasonally polyestrous or monestrous animals

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5
Q

Male-hormone like drugs

A

Androgens= male sex hormones

Adrongergic: development of male sex hormones and secondary sexual characteristics
Anabolic: promote tissue building such as weight gain, red blood cell production

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6
Q

Testosterone

A

Uses: treat infertility and hypogonadism; produce teaser cattle; urinary incontinence in male dogs

Side Effects: premature growth plate closure, vaginitis

Dosage Form: Testosterone

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7
Q

Mibolerone

A

Blocks the release of LH from pituitary; start 30 days prior proestrus

Uses: prevent estrus and treat pseudocyesis

DO NOT USE IN CATS: LOW MARGIN SAFETY AND DEVELOPMENT OF DIABETES

Dosage Forms: Cheque Drops

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8
Q

Female Hormone-like drugs

A

Ovaries and placenta mainly produce estrogen, but also testes and adrenal glands

-Estrogen promotes female sex characteristics, stimulates and maintains female repro tract, necessary for uterus to contact and respond to oxytocin

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9
Q

Estrogens

A

Uses: treat urinary incontinence in dogs, treat persistent CL in cattle, aid expulsion retained in cattle, induce estrus in horses

Side Effects: pyometra, bone marrow suppression, follicular cysts, endometrial hyperplasia

Dosage Forms:

  • Estradiol (ECP) injection
  • Diethylstilbesterol (DES) tablets
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10
Q

Progestins

A

Uses: block estrus in bitch; maintain pregnancy in cattle and horses, delay/synchronize estrus

Side Effects: in dogs- hyperglycemia, adrenal suppression, pyometra

Dosage Forms:

  • megesterol acetate (ovaban) for dogs
  • Altrenogest (for horses; can be absorbed through the skin)
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11
Q

Prostaglandins

A

PG F 2x in female repro tract causes lysis of CL, contraction of uterine muscle

Uses: estrus synchronization in cattle and horses. Treatment of pyometra. Induce parturition in small animals and induce abortion in animals carrying dead fetus, twins, or young animal.

PREGNANT WOMEN AND ASTHMATICS SHOULD NOT HANDLE

Dosage Form: Dinoprost (Lutalvse)

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12
Q

Stimulating Uterine Contraction

A

Oxytocin

Uses: induction of labor, retained placenta, involution, induce milk let down

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13
Q

Neutersol

A
  • A nonsurgical neutering drug; approved use for 3-10 month old male dogs
  • Should not be used in cryptorchids
  • still sterile for 60 days

Side Effects: vocalization upon injection, vomiting

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14
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

characterized by deficiency of thyroid hormone

Signs: decrease coat luster or alopecia, weight gain without appetite, listlessness, intolerance to cold, reporoductive failure, susceptibility to skin infections

Drug of Choice:
-Levothryroxine sodium(T4)
(Soloxine)

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15
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

-excessive function of gland–>excessive hormone, increased nervous activity, increased metabolism

MOST COMMON IN OLDER CATS

Signs: polydipsia, polyphagia with weight loss, polyuria, tachycardia

Drug of Choice: Methimazole(Tapazole) – antithyroid drug

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16
Q

Diabetes Mellitus

A

-The pancreas produces two hormones:
Insulin by beta cells and glucagon by alpha cells

-Insulin promotes the uptake of glucose by cells and its storage in the form of glycogen

Diabetic animals have hyperglycemia, glucosuria, PU, PD, and alterations in fat metabolism that can lead to toxic effects and coma

17
Q

Insulin

A

concentraion expressed in units of insulin per milliliter

-Available in 40 units.ml (U-40), 100 units per ml (U-100)

Insulin overdose: weakness, ataxia, tremors or seizures, treat by administering Karo Syrup

18
Q

Categories of Insulin

A
  • Short-acting (regular)
    • used to treat diabetic ketoacidosis
    • IV
  • Intermediate acting
    • NPH, PZI, Lente, Humulin-N
    • used to treat uncomplicated diabetes in dogs/cats
    • SQ 4-24hrs
  • Long Acting
    • Glargine(Lantus)
    • SQ
19
Q

Oral hypoglymic agents

A

stimulate pancreatic beta cells to produce insulin

NOT EFFECTIVE IN DOGS

Dosage Form: Glipizide (Glucotrol) tablets

20
Q

Adrenocotical Insufficiency (Addisons)(hypoadrenocorticism)

A

Treat with mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids

21
Q

Hyperadrenocorticism (Cushings)

A

Dosage Form:

  • Mitotane(Lysodren)
  • Selegiline (Anipryl)
  • Vetoryl (Trilostane)
22
Q

Anabolic Steroids

A

C-III controlled substance

Dosage Form:
-Stanozol (Winstrol-V)

Pharmacology (16 decks)

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