operant conditioning terms Flashcards
operant conditioning
is a learning process whereby the consequences of the behaviour determine the likelihood that it will be performed again in the future
phase 1: antecedent
stimuli, object or event that proceeds a specific behaviour
signals the probable consequence for the behaviour and influences the occurrence of the behaviour.
phase 2: behaviour
is the voluntary action that occurs in the presence of the antecedent stimulus
phase 3: consequence
environmental event that occurs immediately after the behaviour and has an effect on the occurrence of the behaviour in the future
positive reinforcement
stimulus that strengthens or increases the frequency or likelihood of a desired response with a desired consequence.
negative reinforcement
any unpleasant or aversive stimulus that, when removed or avoided, strengthens or increases frequency or likelihood of a desired response
positive punishment
involves presentation of an unpleasant stimulus, thereby decreasing the likelihood of a response occurring again
negative punishment
involves the removal or loss of a desired stimulus and thereby decreasing the likelihood of a response occurring again
active learning
it involves/required the learner to participate and perform some type of action in order to be rewarded or punished.
order of presentation
it is important that it is presented after a desired response never before
appropriateness of the consequence
must provide a pleasing or satisfying consequence fr its recipient.
similarly, it must be an appropriate punisher, therefore likely to decrease the likelihood of an undesirable behaviour.
role of learner
active
timing of stimulus and response
reinforcement and punishment after the response
comments were shown directly after a movement was made by the student (learner)
nature of response
voluntary and involuntary
